虚拟机负载均衡的基本原理(算子指令在虚拟机中的执行)
虚拟机负载均衡的基本原理(算子指令在虚拟机中的执行)Maybe<void> Run(vm::InstructionList* instruction_list) { auto* virtual_machine = JUST(SingletonMaybe<VirtualMachine>()); JUST(virtual_machine->Receive(instruction_list)); return Maybe<void>::Ok(); }可以看见,Run()方法获取了全局单例的VM对象指针,然后通过vm的Receive()方法,将该条指令发送给虚拟机(所以这里Run其实有点歧义,更贴切的意思,其实是指令发送或传送)。// Make VM instructions with instruction builder and run instructions with physical/
撰文|郑建华、赵露阳
1
Op在虚拟机里的执行1.1 PhysicalRun和InstructionsBuilder
上一篇文章《OneFlow源码解析:Op、kernel与解释器》中提到:
PhysicalRun接受一个lambda函数作为参数,这里即InstructionsBuilder->Call方法,该方法接受kernel、input/output的eager blob object、kernel执行的上下文作为参数。Call方法实际会完成OpCall指令的构建,并最终将其派发至vm指令列表中,等待VM实际调度执行。
这个PhysicalRun函数里包裹着一个lambda函数:
JUST(PhysicalRun([&](InstructionsBuilder* builder) -> Maybe<void> {
    return builder->Call(xxx);
}));
    
其中,lambda函数接受一个InstructionsBuilder指针(builder),并调用builder->Call方法,用于实际完成Op指令在VM中的构建。而PhysicalRun(https://github.com/Oneflow-Inc/oneflow/blob/88f147d50e75d1644e552ed445dd58f9b5121ea5/oneflow/core/framework/instructions_builder.h#L160)在 oneflow/core/framework/instructions_builder.h中定义,其接受lambda函数作为模版参数(callbackT):
// Make VM instructions with instruction builder and run instructions with physical/local view.
template<typename CallbackT>
Maybe<void> PhysicalRun(const CallbackT& Build) {
  vm::InstructionList instruction_list;
  InstructionsBuilder instructions_builder(&instruction_list);
  JUST(Build(&instructions_builder));
  JUST(vm::Run(instructions_builder.mut_instruction_list()));
  return Maybe<void>::Ok();
}
    
可见,PhysicalRun函数中,首先初始化一个InstructionsBuilder,然后将InstructionsBuilder指针作为参数传给lambda函数,完成实际指令的构建;最后通过vm::Run()方法将该指令发送至VM,等候VM实际调度和执行。Run方法如下:
Maybe<void> Run(vm::InstructionList* instruction_list) {
  auto* virtual_machine = JUST(SingletonMaybe<VirtualMachine>());
  JUST(virtual_machine->Receive(instruction_list));
  return Maybe<void>::Ok();
}
    
可以看见,Run()方法获取了全局单例的VM对象指针,然后通过vm的Receive()方法,将该条指令发送给虚拟机(所以这里Run其实有点歧义,更贴切的意思,其实是指令发送或传送)。
这个VirtualMachine->Receive方法很重要,会在后面的第2.章节中详细展开。
1.2 InstructionsBuilder
上面PhysicalRun函数中的InstructionsBuilder,类似一个指令构建的helper,InstructionsBuilder的系列方法配合指令策略(InstructionPolicy),可以帮助构建不同类型的vm指令。
从InstructionsBuilder
(https://github.com/Oneflow-Inc/oneflow/blob/88f147d50e75d1644e552ed445dd58f9b5121ea5/oneflow/core/framework/instructions_builder.h#L47)的定义中,我们可以看到指令的构建方法,其中常用方法如下:
// 用于lazy mode(nn.Graph)
// Build VM execution instructions with NNGraph's inputs/outputs/parameters for NNGraph execution.
Maybe<void> LaunchLazyJob(const vm::EagerBlobObjectListPtr& inputs 
                          const vm::EagerBlobObjectListPtr& outputs 
                          const vm::EagerBlobObjectListPtr& parameters 
                          const std::shared_ptr<NNGraphIf>& nn_graph);
// 用于全局同步,同步等待所有指令调用完成
Maybe<void> GlobalSync();
// 用于Tensor内存释放(归还allocator)
Maybe<void> ReleaseTensor(const std::shared_ptr<vm::EagerBlobObject>& eager_blob_object);
// 操作Tensor实际内存(blob)
template<typename T>
Maybe<void> AccessBlobByCallback(
    const T tensor 
    const std::function<void(ep::Stream*  const std::shared_ptr<vm::EagerBlobObject>&)>& callback 
    const std::string& modifier);
// 最常用的指令构建方法,用于构造op执行所需的OpCall指令
Maybe<void> Call(const std::shared_ptr<one::StatefulOpKernel>& opkernel 
                   vm::EagerBlobObjectList&& input_eager_blob_objects 
                   vm::EagerBlobObjectList&& output_eager_blob_objects 
                   const one::OpExprInterpContext& ctx  Symbol<Stream> stream);
    
1.3 InstructionPolicy
InstructionPolicy
(https://github.com/Oneflow-Inc/oneflow/blob/88f147d50e75d1644e552ed445dd58f9b5121ea5/oneflow/core/vm/instruction_policy.h#L34)——指令策略,通常用于配合InstructionsBuilder实际构建出不同的vm指令。InstructionPolicy的子类实现如下:

这些子类的InstructionPolicy可近似认为是指令类型。如,用于Op执行的OpCallInstructionPolicy、用于Tensor内存释放的ReleaseTensorInstructionPolicy、用于屏障阻塞的BarrierInstructionPolicy等。
以Op执行为例:
JUST(PhysicalRun([&](InstructionsBuilder* builder) -> Maybe<void> {
    return builder->Call(xxx);
}));
    
实际上是通过InstructionsBuilder的Call方法
(https://github.com/Oneflow-Inc/oneflow/blob/88f147d50e75d1644e552ed445dd58f9b5121ea5/oneflow/core/framework/instructions_builder.cpp#L355),配合OpCall的指令策略(OpCallInstructionPolicy),构造了OpCall指令:
Maybe<void> InstructionsBuilder::Call(
    const std::shared_ptr<one::StatefulOpKernel>& opkernel 
    vm::EagerBlobObjectList&& input_eager_blob_objects 
    vm::EagerBlobObjectList&& output_eager_blob_objects 
    const std::shared_ptr<const one::GlobalTensorInferResult>& global_tensor_infer_result 
    const one::OpExprInterpContext& ctx  Symbol<Stream> stream) {
  ...
  ...
  // 获取当前vm stream
  auto* vm_stream = JUST(Singleton<VirtualMachine>::Get()->GetVmStream(stream));
  // 通过OpCallInstructionPolicy初始化OpCall指令
  auto instruction = intrusive::make_shared<vm::Instruction>(
      vm_stream  std::make_shared<vm::OpCallInstructionPolicy>(
                     vm_stream  opkernel  std::move(input_eager_blob_objects) 
                     std::move(output_eager_blob_objects)  global_tensor_infer_result  ctx 
                     *one::CurrentDevVmDepObjectConsumeMode()));
  // 指令入列表
  instruction_list_->EmplaceBack(std::move(instruction));
  return Maybe<void>::Ok();
}
    
并将构建好的指令塞入指令列表,待后续VM调度并实际执行。
2
虚拟机的运行原理2.1 VM初始化
OneFlow环境初始化时,会触发VirtualMachineScope
(https://github.com/Oneflow-Inc/oneflow/blob/88f147d50e75d1644e552ed445dd58f9b5121ea5/oneflow/core/vm/virtual_machine_scope.cpp#L24)的初始化:
VirtualMachineScope::VirtualMachineScope(const Resource& resource) {
  Singleton<VirtualMachine>::New();
}
    
进而触发VM对象——VirtualMachine
(https://github.com/Oneflow-Inc/oneflow/blob/88f147d50e75d1644e552ed445dd58f9b5121ea5/oneflow/core/vm/virtual_machine.cpp#L81)的初始化。VM作为一个Singleton对象,全局唯一。
VirtualMachine::VirtualMachine() : disable_vm_threads_(false)  scheduler_stopped_(false) {
  // Class VirtualMachineEngine only cares the basic logical of vm  while class VirtualMachine
  // manages threads and condition variables.
  // In order to notify threads in VirtualMachineEngine  a notify callback lambda should be take as
  // an argument for VirtualMachineEngine's constructor.
  engine_ = intrusive::make_shared<vm::VirtualMachineEngine>();
  OF_PROFILER_NAME_THIS_HOST_THREAD("_Main");
  std::function<void()> SchedulerInitializer;
  GetSchedulerThreadInitializer(&SchedulerInitializer);
  schedule_thread_ = std::thread(&VirtualMachine::ScheduleLoop  this  SchedulerInitializer);
  transport_local_dep_object_.Reset();
}
    
VM初始化中最重要的内容,便是:
1.初始化了一个VM的执行引擎——VirtualMachineEngine
2.通过VirtualMachine::ScheduleLoop启动了VM的调度线程
VirtualMachine::ScheduleLoop
VM对象只负责条件变量和线程管理;而主要业务逻辑处理(包括指令构建、调度、派发和执行等),则由VirtualMachineEngine
(https://github.com/Oneflow-Inc/oneflow/blob/88f147d50e75d1644e552ed445dd58f9b5121ea5/oneflow/core/vm/virtual_machine_engine.h#L47)对象负责;VM初始化时还开辟了单独的schedule线程用于VM引擎处理调度逻辑,在VirtualMachine::ScheduleLoop
(https://github.com/Oneflow-Inc/oneflow/blob/88f147d50e75d1644e552ed445dd58f9b5121ea5/oneflow/core/vm/virtual_machine.cpp#L292)中:
void VirtualMachine::ScheduleLoop(const std::function<void()>& Initializer) {
  SyncVmModeGuard guard(SyncVmMode::kEnable);
  Initializer();
  MultiThreadScheduleCtx schedule_ctx{};
  while (pending_notifier_.WaitAndClearNotifiedCnt() == kNotifierStatusSuccess) {
    OF_PROFILER_RANGE_GUARD("VirtualMachine::ScheduleLoop");
    auto start = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();
    static constexpr int kWorkingMicroseconds = 1000;
    // Every time this thread wakes up  engine_ is scheduled for about `kWorkingMicroseconds`.
    // The cost of os thread switching is about 5-10 microseconds. Doing more scheduling in
    // a single waiting up can reach higher performance.
    do {
      do {
        const size_t total_inserted = engine_->total_inserted_instruction_cnt();
        const size_t total_erased = engine_->total_erased_instruction_cnt();
        engine_->Schedule(schedule_ctx);
        if (ThreadLocalEnvbool<ONEFLOW_VM_ENABLE_SCHEDULE_YIELD>()
            && total_inserted == engine_->total_inserted_instruction_cnt()
            && total_erased == engine_->total_erased_instruction_cnt()) {  // nothing handled.
          std::this_thread::yield();
        }
      } while (!engine_->SchedulerThreadUnsafeEmpty());
    } while (MicrosecondsFrom(start) < kWorkingMicroseconds);
  }
  ScheduleUntilVMEmpty(engine_.Mutable()  schedule_ctx);
  CHECK_JUST(ForEachThreadCtx(engine_.Mutable()  [&](vm::ThreadCtx* thread_ctx) -> Maybe<void> {
    thread_ctx->mut_notifier()->Close();
    return Maybe<void>::Ok();
  }));
  {
    std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(worker_threads_mutex_);
    for (const auto& worker_thread : worker_threads_) { worker_thread->join(); }
  }
  scheduler_stopped_ = true;
}
    
ScheduleLoop是一个近似于busy loop的while循环,pending_notifier_是VM内部维护的成员,实际上是ScheduleLoop线程的通知/唤醒者,其定义位于oneflow/oneflow/core/common/notifier.h:
class Notifier final {
 public:
  OF_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_MOVE(Notifier);
  Notifier() : notified_cnt_(0)  is_closed_(false) {}
  ~Notifier() = default;
  NotifierStatus Notify();
  NotifierStatus WaitAndClearNotifiedCnt();
  void Close();
 private:
  size_t notified_cnt_;
  std::mutex mutex_;
  bool is_closed_;
  std::condition_variable cond_;
};
    
其主要维护了互斥锁mutex_、线程是否关闭的flag is_closed_、条件变量cond_。忽略线程唤醒、超时相关逻辑,ScheduleLoop中最重要的事情是engine_->Schedule(schedule_ctx);
while (pending_notifier_.WaitAndClearNotifiedCnt() == kNotifierStatusSuccess) {
    auto start = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();
    ...
    do {
      do {
        ...
        engine_->Schedule(schedule_ctx);
        ...
      } while (!engine_->SchedulerThreadUnsafeEmpty());
    } while (MicrosecondsFrom(start) < kWorkingMicroseconds);
  }
    
当VM维护的指令队列不为空时,便不断唤醒VM引擎执行指令调度逻辑——engine->Schedule()
2.2 VM指令调度
void VirtualMachineEngine::Schedule(const ScheduleCtx& schedule_ctx) {
  // Release finished instructions and try to schedule out instructions in DAG onto ready list.
  if (unlikely(mut_active_stream_list()->size())) { ReleaseFinishedInstructions(schedule_ctx); }
  // Try run the first barrier instruction.
  if (unlikely(mut_barrier_instruction_list()->size())) { TryRunBarrierInstruction(schedule_ctx); }
  // Handle pending instructions  and try schedule them to ready list.
  // Use thread_unsafe_size to avoid acquiring mutex lock.
  // The inconsistency between pending_instruction_list.list_head_.list_head_.container_ and
  // pending_instruction_list.list_head_.list_head_.size_ is not a fatal error because
  // VirtualMachineEngine::Schedule is always in a buzy loop. All instructions will get handled
  // eventually.
  //  VirtualMachineEngine::Receive may be less effiencient if the thread safe version
  //  `pending_instruction_list().size()` used here  because VirtualMachineEngine::Schedule is more
  //  likely to get the mutex lock.
  if (unlikely(local_pending_instruction_list().size())) {
    HandleLocalPending();
  } else if (unlikely(pending_instruction_list().thread_unsafe_size())) {
    // MoveTo is under a lock.
    mut_pending_instruction_list()->MoveTo(mut_local_pending_instruction_list());
    if (local_pending_instruction_list().size()) { HandleLocalPending(); }
  }
  // dispatch ready instructions and try to schedule out instructions in DAG onto ready list.
  if (unlikely(mut_ready_instruction_list()->size())) {
    DispatchAndPrescheduleInstructions(schedule_ctx);
  }
  // handle scheduler probes
  if (unlikely(local_probe_list_.size())) {
    HandleLocalProbe();
  } else if (unlikely(probe_list_.thread_unsafe_size())) {
    probe_list_.MoveTo(&local_probe_list_);
    if (local_probe_list_.size()) { HandleLocalProbe(); }
  }
}
    
VM引擎维护了一系列指令列表的成员:
InstructionMutexedList pending_instruction_list_;
// local_pending_instruction_list_ should be consider as the cache of pending_instruction_list_.
InstructionList local_pending_instruction_list_;
ReadyInstructionList ready_instruction_list_;
LivelyInstructionList lively_instruction_list_;
BarrierInstructionList barrier_instruction_list_;
- pending相关的instruction_list是悬挂/待处理的指令列表;
 - lively相关的instruction_list是活跃的正在执行中的指令列表;
 - ready相关的instruction_list则是已完成准备工作(指令融合、指令DAG构建等)待执行的指令列表;
 
VM引擎Schedule时,会对指令队列做相应处理,包括:
- 将已完成准备工作的指令放入ready_instruction_list_中维护;
 - 尝试运行barrier指令列表(barrier_instruction_list_)中的第一条指令;
 - 如果本地pending指令列表(local_pending_instruction_list_)非空,则通过HandleLocalPending方法处理这些悬挂指令(指令融合、指令执行DAG图构建、插入ready列表)
 - 如果ready指令列表非空,则通过DispatchAndPrescheduleInstructions方法进行指令派发和预调度处理。
 
这里重点介绍指令派发相关的DispatchAndPrescheduleInstructions方法,其中DispatchAndPrescheduleInstructions中最主要的是就是DispatchInstruction指令派发方法,这里的指令派发可以认为实际上就是指令执行。
2.3 VM指令派发
VirtualMachineEngine::DispatchInstruction
(https://github.com/Oneflow-Inc/oneflow/blob/88f147d50e75d1644e552ed445dd58f9b5121ea5/oneflow/core/vm/virtual_machine_engine.cpp#L372)方法是vm引擎中的核心,其实际完成了指令的派发和实际执行,代码如下:
template<void (VirtualMachineEngine::*OOMHandler)(vm::Stream*  const ScheduleCtx&)>
void VirtualMachineEngine::DispatchInstruction(Instruction* instruction 
                                               const ScheduleCtx& schedule_ctx) {
  auto* stream = instruction->mut_stream();
  // Prepare
  {
    // 指令的Prepare
    const auto& ret = TRY(instruction->Prepare());
    if (unlikely(!ret.IsOk())) {
      // 处理指令Prepare过程中的OOM的逻辑
      if (ret.error()->has_out_of_memory_error()) {
        // 让allocator释放不必要的cacahe,再重新执行指令的Prepare
        (this->*OOMHandler)(stream  schedule_ctx);
        ...
      }
    }
  }
  // 将当前指令放入running_instruction_list
  stream->mut_running_instruction_list()->PushBack(instruction);
  if (stream->active_stream_hook().empty()) { mut_active_stream_list()->PushBack(stream); }
  // Compute
  if (OnSchedulerThread(*stream)) {
    // StreamPolicy的Run方法触发指令的实际执行——Compute
    stream->stream_policy().Run(instruction);
  } else {
    stream->mut_thread_ctx()->mut_worker_pending_instruction_list()->PushBack(instruction);
    schedule_ctx.OnWorkerLoadPending(stream->mut_thread_ctx());
  }
}
    
DispatchInstruction的核心主要有2块:
- 执行指令的Prepare
 - 执行指令的Compute
 
Prepare负责一些指令执行前的准备;Compute则是实际的指令执行,指令执行并不是直接通过instruction->Run而是在StreamPolicy的Run方法中完成的,这里又涉及到一个StreamPolicy对象。
StreamPolicy::Run
StreamPolicy
(https://github.com/Oneflow-Inc/oneflow/blob/88f147d50e75d1644e552ed445dd58f9b5121ea5/oneflow/core/vm/stream_policy.h#L46)是个虚基类:
class StreamPolicy {
 public:
  virtual ~StreamPolicy() = default;
  virtual ep::Stream* stream() = 0;
  virtual vm::Allocator* mut_allocator() = 0;
  virtual DeviceType device_type() const = 0;
  virtual void InitInstructionStatus(const Stream& stream 
                                     InstructionStatusBuffer* status_buffer) const = 0;
  virtual void DeleteInstructionStatus(const Stream& stream 
                                       InstructionStatusBuffer* status_buffer) const = 0;
  virtual bool QueryInstructionStatusDone(const Stream& stream 
                                          const InstructionStatusBuffer& status_buffer) const = 0;
  virtual void Run(Instruction* instruction) const = 0;
  virtual bool OnSchedulerThread(StreamType stream_type) const;
  virtual bool SupportingTransportInstructions() const = 0;
 protected:
  StreamPolicy() = default;
};
- stream()方法返回ep::Stream指针,指向的是针对不同平台的ep::stream对象。
 - mut_allocator()方法返回一个vm的Allocator指针,用于内存分配/释放。
 - InitInstructionStatus/QueryInstructionStatusDone/DeleteInstructionStatus用于创建/查询/销毁指令执行状态
 - Run方法则是核心,定义了该Stream具体运行时的逻辑。
 
这里的ep在oneflow中是execution provider的缩写,ep从本质上来讲就是一个针对不同硬件平台的executor抽象。
StreamPolicy相关的继承和子类如下:

看一下EpStreamPolicyBase的Run方法(https://github.com/Oneflow-Inc/oneflow/blob/88f147d50e75d1644e552ed445dd58f9b5121ea5/oneflow/core/vm/ep_stream_policy_base.cpp#L41):
void EpStreamPolicyBase::Run(Instruction* instruction) const {
  ...
  auto* stream = instruction->mut_stream();
  EpStreamPolicyBase* ep_stream_policy_base =
      dynamic_cast<EpStreamPolicyBase*>(stream->mut_stream_policy());
  ...
  auto* ep_device = ep_stream_policy_base->GetOrCreateEpDevice();
  ep_device->SetAsActiveDevice();
  instruction->Compute();
  ...
}
    
首先获取了该stream对应的ep device,然后执行了instruction的Compute方法,即指令的实际执行。
2.4 VM执行执行
以OpCall指令为例,看一下op指令的Compute
(https://github.com/Oneflow-Inc/oneflow/blob/88f147d50e75d1644e552ed445dd58f9b5121ea5/oneflow/core/vm/op_call_instruction_policy.cpp#L201):
void OpCallInstructionPolicy::Compute(vm::Instruction* instruction) {
  OpCallInstructionUtil::Compute(this  instruction);
}
    
OpCallInstructionPolicy方法调用了OpCallInstructionUtil的Compute方法:

上面我们可以看到,在指令Prepare时,做了output tensor内存分配;而指令Compute中最重要的方法是:
- TryInitOpKernelStateAndCache——初始化一些kernel计算需要的状态或缓存
 - OpKernelCompute——执行该op对应的kernel,kernel内主要是实际的op计算逻辑
 

user kernel统一位于:oneflow/user/kernels目录下,.cpp通常对应cpu kernel逻辑;.cu为cuda kernel逻辑。到这里,就会触发user_kernel的Compute方法,不同op的kernel计算逻辑不同,以rele op为例,实际Compute过程可参考文章《算子在深度学习框架中的执行及interpreter》的第5小节。
2.5 VM指令发送
这里的VM指令发送,指的是VM外部的指令发送过程(不是VM内部的指令派发)。上面2.1~2.3小节介绍了VM以及VM引擎的初始化、VM内部指令的调度、派发和实际执行的过程,那么这些指令是如何发送到VM的呢?答案是:在1.1小节中提到的PhysicalRun
PhysicalRun最终会触发VirtualMachine->Receive方法,并通过VirtualMachineEngine的Receive方法完成外部指令 -> VM内部的发送。
VirtualMachineEngine的Receive方法(https://github.com/Oneflow-Inc/oneflow/blob/88f147d50e75d1644e552ed445dd58f9b5121ea5/oneflow/core/vm/virtual_machine_engine.cpp#L400)主要将该指令通过MoveFrom方法push back到指令悬挂列表(pending_instruction_list_)的末尾,从而完成指令的发送。
// Returns true if old scheduler_pending_instruction_list is empty
Maybe<bool> VirtualMachineEngine::Receive(InstructionList* compute_instruction_list) {
  OF_PROFILER_RANGE_GUARD("vm:Receive");
#ifdef OF_ENABLE_PROFILER
  INTRUSIVE_UNSAFE_FOR_EACH_PTR(compute_instruction  compute_instruction_list) {
    OF_PROFILER_RANGE_GUARD(compute_instruction->DebugName());
  }
#endif
  bool old_list_empty = mut_pending_instruction_list()->MoveFrom(compute_instruction_list);
  return old_list_empty;
}
    
3
小结至此,Op执行相关的流程算是大体串了一遍。一句flow.relu()后面会涉及这么多内容。但这里其实也只关注了主干逻辑,忽略了中间大量的细节。
流程的梳理只是第一步,还需要从中归纳总结一些概念和概念之间的关系,再结合公开资料反推印证设计理念的落地实现。
不过目前对代码和设计的了解还很肤浅,下面的内容纯属大胆猜测。
3.1 UserOpExpr
UserOpExpr表示UserOp执行时所需的上下文,其实UserOp只是Op中的一种。下图展示了不同Op的继承关系。可以看到tensor从local/global之间的转换等也都涉及不同的OpExpr。

3.2 Op执行的宏观脉络
从上面的类关系图出发,以核心类为节点,也能看出Op执行流程的宏观脉络。整个流程大体在下面这些角色之间流转:
- ReluFunctor
 - UserOpExpr
 - Interpreter
 - PhysicalRun
 - VirtualMachine->Receive
 - VirtualMachine->ScheduleLoop ...
 
3.3 虚拟机运行和调度总结
VM -> ScheduleLoop
VM引擎Schedule
处理悬挂指令(HandleLocalPending)
指令派发(DispatchInstruction)
准备(instruction->Prepare)
执行(StreamPolicy.Run -> instruction->Compute)
指令预调度
VM -> Receive
VM引擎 -> Receive
指令入悬挂列表
通常,我们习惯在动态图模式下训练深度学习网络,使用Python搭建网络,并通过各种op进行前向、反向、loss计算、调试debug等过程,这些Python代码可以看作是动态的op的执行序列。
OneFlow虚拟机将op执行序列抽象成了各种VM指令序列。OneFlow的虚拟机会对这些op执行序列进行动态翻译并生成VM指令序列,通过PhysicalRun构造完毕后,动态地将指令发送至VM的悬挂列表中维护。这些指令或在时间上存在先后顺序,或在数据上存在依赖关系,所以悬挂列表中的指令后续会被虚拟机进行一些指令融合、指令连边、动态构建指令DAG图的过程,然后移入就绪列表中维护,等待虚拟机调度并实际执行。虚拟机负责维护若干个指令队列,以及指令在这些队列之间的状态转换。
OneFlow虚拟机还统一了动态图模式(Eager Mode)和静态图模式(Lazy Mode)。静态图模式下,通过nn.Graph编译出深度学习网络的Job,这个Job同样被虚拟机抽象成了VM指令并接受虚拟机的调度和执行。大胆猜测一下,这也为日后动静转换、更极致的性能优化埋下了伏笔。
参考资料
- OneFlow学习笔记:从OpExprInterpreter到OpKernel
 - 动态调度的“诅咒”| 原有深度学习框架的缺陷③
 - 【oneflow】算子在深度学习框架中的执行及interpreter - 知乎
 - OneFlow源码:(https://github.com/Oneflow-Inc/oneflow/tree/88f147d50e75d1644e552ed445dd58f9b5121ea5)
 
欢迎下载体验 OneFlow v0.8.0 最新版本:https://github.com/Oneflow-Inc/oneflow/




