英语形容词的用法和含义一览表(英语知识讲解形容词careful)
英语形容词的用法和含义一览表(英语知识讲解形容词careful)be careful 后一般不接介词 for。你要注意你的发音。Be careful of the dog; it sometimes bites people.当心那条狗,它有时候咬人。You must be careful of [about] your pronunciation.
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一、careful 的搭配与用法
1. 后接介词 of 或 about 表示“当心”“留意”等。
如:
Be careful of the dog; it sometimes bites people.
当心那条狗,它有时候咬人。
You must be careful of [about] your pronunciation.
你要注意你的发音。
be careful 后一般不接介词 for。
如:
我希望你要多注意身体。
正:I hope you’ll be more careful of [about] your health.
误:I hope you’ll be more careful for your health.
2. 表示做某事时要小心或仔细,其后通常接 in doing sth。
如:
Be careful in crossing the street.
过马路时小心。
You cannot be too careful in driving a car.
开车时再怎么小心也不为过。
如果后接名词,则通常用介词with。
如:
Do be careful with that vase!
务必小心那个花瓶!
You have to be careful with people you don’t know.
对不认识的人得当心。
3. 后接不定式,表示注意要做某事。
如:
Be careful not to drop it.
小心不要把它掉了。
You must be careful to avoid being caught.
你必须小心,不要被抓住。
注意该用法与后接in doing sth的区别。
比较:
He’s careful to read every sentence.
他注意读(即不漏读)每一个句子。
He’s careful in reading every sentence.
他读每个句子都很仔细。
4. 其后可接从句作宾语。
如:
Be careful how you hold it.
小心拿好。
Do be careful (about) what you say.
说话一定要小心。
后接 what 从句时,可用介词 of about 等,但通常省略,但是若是接 that how when where 等引导的从句,则一般不用介词;另外,从句谓语若指将来,通常要用一般现在时代替将来时。
如:
Be careful that you don’t hurt her feelings. (=Be careful not to hurt her feelings).
当心别伤害她的感情。
二careless 的搭配与用法
1. 表示某人做某事很粗心,通常用于it is careless of sb do sth。
如:
It was careless of you to leave your camera in the taxi.
你把照相机留在计程车里实在太不小心了。
该句式也可换成以“人”作主语的句子。
如:
你犯这样的错误真是粗心。
It was careless of you to make such a mistake.
=You were careless to make such a mistake.
注意,这样用时句首的it为形式主语,不能改为 that。但是这类句子后面不出现不定式,那么句首的it也可换为 that。
如:
It was very careless of him.
=That’s very careless of him.
他太粗心了。
2. 比较be careless to do sth与be careless in doing sth:前者中的不定式为结果状语,指由于粗心而做了某事;后者中的in doing sth表示时间,其中的in相当于while,指在做某事时很粗心。
如:
He was careless to make the mistake.
他很粗心,结果出了错。
He was careless in typing the letter.
他打这封信时很粗心。
3. 表示“对……不在意或不关心”等,其后可接介词 about of with 等。
如:
He’s careless of [about] his speech.
他讲话随便。
She is careless of [with] his health.
她不注意身体。
He is careless with his pronunciation.
他对语音不注意。
Don’t be so careless with your money.
你花钱不要这样随便。
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