西迁精神是独有的记忆（听读艰难的西迁之旅）
西迁精神是独有的记忆（听读艰难的西迁之旅）Gold prospectors wanted to find gold and become rich.移居者想要在西部建造房屋和农场。他们想要更好的生活。The American frontier was immense.美国的边境广袤无垠。Settlers wanted to build homes and farms in the West. They wanted a better life.
★ 第5章 ★
After the Lewis and Clark expedition settlers gold prospectors and trappers went to the West.
在刘易斯和克拉克探险队之后，移居者，淘金者和捕兽者也去了西部。
The American frontier was immense.
美国的边境广袤无垠。
Settlers wanted to build homes and farms in the West. They wanted a better life.
移居者想要在西部建造房屋和农场。他们想要更好的生活。
Gold prospectors wanted to find gold and become rich.
淘金者想要找到金子变得富有。
Trappers wanted to hunt wild animals.
捕兽者想要捕猎野生动物。
This was an exciting period.
这是一个激动人心的时代。
In 1841 thousands of pioneers began their long journey.
在1841年，数千名拓荒者开始了他们的漫长旅途。
They started in Independence Missouri.
他们开始于密苏里州的独立城。
From there they took the Oregon Trail or the Santa Fe Trail.
从这里，他们到了俄勒冈小路或圣非小路。
They traveled for four to six months.
他们旅行了4到6个月。
Most journeys began in the spring.
大多数旅途始于春天。
The pioneers wanted to arrive before winter.
拓荒者希望在冬天前抵达。
The pioneers traveled in covered wagons pulled by mules or oxen.
拓荒者坐着由骡子或牛拉的篷车。
They put food clothes furniture and other things in the covered wagon.
他们把食物、衣服、家具和其他东西放在蓬车里。
A lot of families took cattle and sheep.
很多家庭带着牛和羊。
Many covered wagons traveled together. This was called a wagon train.
许多蓬车行走在一起。这就是马车队。
All the wagon trains had a leader called a captain.
所有马车队都有一个叫做队长的领导。
They also had a scout. The scout knew the trail well.
他们还有一个侦察员，侦察员很了解路线。
He walked in front of the others to look for Indians or other dangers.
他走在其他人前面寻找着印第安人或其他危险。
The journey was long difficult and dangerous.
旅途遥远，艰难又危险。
It was difficult to cross big rivers and tall mountains.
很难跨越大河和高山。
The weather was another problem.
天气又是另一个问题。
In the summer it was very hot. There was little water to drink.
夏天非常热，几乎没有可以饮用的水。
There was little grass for the animals to eat.
几乎没有草供动物吃。
Rain and snow were also a problem.
雨雪也是一个问题。
About 10 000 people died on the Oregon Trail between 1835 and 1845.
在1835年至1845年间，大约一万人死在了俄勒冈小路。
The Indians killed only 400 people!
印第安人只杀害了400人!
A TYPICAL DAY ON THE TRAIL
小路上的典型一天
5 a.m.: The pioneers got up and had breakfast. Then they began to travel.
早上5点：拓荒者起床吃早餐，然后他们开始了行程。
Midday: The pioneers and the animals rested. They drank water and ate.
中午：拓荒者和动物休息。他们喝水吃饭。
2 p.m.: The wagon trains began to travel again.
下午两点：马车队再次启程。
Sunset: At sunset the scout chose a campsite.
日落：日落时分，侦察员选择一个野营地。
The wagon train made a big circle to protect everyone from wild animals.
马车队围成一个大圈保护人们远离野生动物。
In the center of the circle there were campfires.
在圈子的中间生起篝火。
The pioneers sat around the campfires to eat and talk.
拓荒者围坐在篝火旁吃饭聊天。
They went to bed early because they were tired.
因为劳累，所以他们早早就睡觉了。
A day on the trail wasn't easy!
路上的一天并不简单!
《美国西部探险》是2009年华东师范大学出版社、商务印书馆出版的图书。本书的主要内容是美国西部总是与淘金狂潮、西部牛仔、拓荒大军联系在一起。当年印第安人在这里与大自然和谐相处，如今的美国西部仍是一片富足的土地。在激情燃烧的记忆深处，有多少拓荒的激情、豪放的牛仔，又有多少印第安人永失家园的泪水和哀号。
