德国天然气是俄罗斯提供的吗?德国是如何取代俄罗斯天然气的
德国天然气是俄罗斯提供的吗?德国是如何取代俄罗斯天然气的受到打击的进口公司Uniper表示,该公司正通过管道从挪威、荷兰和阿塞拜疆采购天然气,并利用其液化天然气(LNG)贸易商的全球角色,向西北欧采购更多的超冷天然气。地下储气洞库的储气率为97.2%。BDEW表示,俄罗斯9月份的出口量为零,在2021年9月占60%。荷兰产权转让设施(TTF)市场的基准近月天然气价格较8月份的记录下降了70%,目前为104欧元/兆瓦时。这一数字仍比一年前高出15%,但反映了换人的影响。
2022年7月28日,德国Bad Lauchstaedt的天然气贸易公司VNG AG的储气设施上的管道概貌。REUTERS/Annegret Hilse
德国是欧洲最大的经济体,历来是俄罗斯天然气的主要进口国,自乌克兰战争以来,来自俄罗斯的天然气流量急剧下降,德国目前正努力确保替代供应。以下是德国的应对举措:
替代品从哪里来?德国正在从比荷卢三国、挪威和法国采购更多的天然气。
公用事业行业组织BDEW的数据显示,德国9月份从挪威进口的天然气占总进口量的37.6%,高于去年同期的19.2%,而荷兰的供气量占总进口量的比重从13.7%攀升至29.6%。
BDEW表示,俄罗斯9月份的出口量为零,在2021年9月占60%。
价格荷兰产权转让设施(TTF)市场的基准近月天然气价格较8月份的记录下降了70%,目前为104欧元/兆瓦时。
这一数字仍比一年前高出15%,但反映了换人的影响。
地下储气洞库的储气率为97.2%。
进口商的策略受到打击的进口公司Uniper表示,该公司正通过管道从挪威、荷兰和阿塞拜疆采购天然气,并利用其液化天然气(LNG)贸易商的全球角色,向西北欧采购更多的超冷天然气。
2021年,该公司交付了350艘海运液化天然气货物。
EnBW的子公司VNG表示,自5月以来,该公司一直在用与其他国家的场外(OTC)、双边和液化天然气协议取代俄罗斯的两份合同,总金额为每年100亿立方米。欧洲能源保障公司(Sefe)(前身为德国天然气工业股份公司)也奉行这一战略。
到2023年,Sefe希望以液化天然气的形式获得20%的投资组合,并已与许多贸易伙伴发布了询价。
液化天然气接收站在没有液化天然气接收终端的情况下,德国正在建造浮式液化天然气接收站(FSRUs),其中两个将在明年年初准备就绪,分别位于Brunsbuettel和Wilhelmshaven。随后,在斯塔德和卢布明还将有两个。
这四家终端的总容量将达到225亿立方米。
第五个FSRU计划在2023/24年冬季建造。
从长远来看,将建设固定的陆上终端,以接收天然气、无碳氢和氨。
原文:
How Is Germany Replacing Russian Gas?A general view of pipelines on the gas storage facility at the gas trading company VNG AG in Bad Lauchstaedt Germany July 28 2022. REUTERS/Annegret Hilse
Germany Europe's biggest economy and historically a major importer of Russian gas is scrambling to secure alternative supplies following a plunge in flows from Russia since the war in Ukraine. Here is what Germany is doing:
WHERE ARE THE REPLACEMENTS COMING FROM?
Germany is sourcing more gas from Benelux countries Norway and France.
Germany imported 37.6% of gas from Norway in September compared with 19.2% in the same month last year while Dutch deliveries climbed to 29.6% of imports from 13.7% data from utility industry group BDEW showed.
Russian volumes were zero in September having accounted for 60% in September 2021 BDEW said.
PRICES
Benchmark front-month gas prices on the Dutch Title Transfer Facility (TTF) market have fallen 70% from August records standing at 104 euros a megawatt hour (MWh).
That is still 15% above a year ago but reflects the impact of the replacements.
Underground gas storage caverns are 97.2% full.
IMPORTERS' STRATEGIES
Stricken importer Uniper has said it is sourcing Norwegian Dutch and Azeri gas via pipelines and using its global role as a trader of liquefied natural gas (LNG) to procure more of the super-cooled gas into north western Europe.
In 2021 it turned over 350 seaborne LNG cargoes.
EnBW subsidiary VNG says it has been replacing two Russian contracts totalling 10 billion cubic metres (bcm) per year since May with over-the-counter (OTC) bilateral and LNG deals with other countries a strategy also pursued by Securing Energy for Europe (Sefe) formerly Gazprom Germania.
In 2023 Sefe wants to source 20% of its portfolio in the form of LNG and has posted enquiries with many trade partners.
LNG TERMINALS
In the absence of LNG reception terminals Germany is building floating LNG terminals (FSRUs) of which two will be ready at the turn of the year in Brunsbuettel and Wilhelmshaven. Two more will follow at Stade and Lubmin.
The four will have a total capacity of 22.5 bcm.
A fifth FSRU is planned for winter 2023/24.
In the long term fixed onshore terminals will be built with a view to receiving gas carbon-free hydrogen and ammonia.