介词by有什么用法？介词by的用法

介词by有什么用法？介词by的用法by car by train by plane by boat by ship by bus by bike 等.我们可以用by 名词表达交通方式：I didn’t do it on purpose. It was an accident.注意我们说 by chance by accident etc. (not by the chance / by an accident).上面的表达中为by 名词，不要带冠词 the 或 a.

介词by的用法

某件事情的发生可以用by mistake / by accident / by chance:

We hadn’t arranged to meet. We met by chance.

但我们说‘do something on purpose’ (= you mean to do it):

I didn’t do it on purpose. It was an accident.

注意我们说 by chance by accident etc. (not by the chance / by an accident).

上面的表达中为by 名词，不要带冠词 the 或 a.

我们可以用by 名词表达交通方式：

by car by train by plane by boat by ship by bus by bike 等.

Jess usually goes to work by bus / by bike / by car.

若我们说my car/ the train/a taxi等，我们不用by:

而是用 in my car (not by my car)

不是by train 而是 on the train (not by the train)

They didn’t come in their car. They came in a taxi.

We travelled on the 6.45 train which arrived at 8.30.

此外步行用on foot(not usually by foot):

Did you come here by car or on foot?

我们也用by来表示我们如何做其他事情。例如，你可以说:

send something by post pay by card / by cheque do something by hand

Can I pay by credit card?

但我们会说pay cash 或 pay in cash (not usually by cash).

By还用于被动语态:

Have you ever been bitten by a dog?

The programme was watched by millions of people.

比较 by 与 with:

The door must have been opened with a key. (not by a key)

(= somebody used a key to open it)

The door must have been opened by somebody with a key.

我们说: a play by Shakespeare a painting by Rembrandt a novel by Tolstoy etc.

Have you read any poems by Shakespeare?

‘Who is this painting by? Picasso?’ ‘I have no idea.’

By 也有 ‘next to / beside’的含义:

The light switch is by the door.

Come and sit by me. (= next to me)

by还可以用于表达两件事的差别：

Clare’s salary has increased by ten per cent.

(= it’s now ten per cent more than before)

Carl won the race by five metres.

(= he was five metres in front of the other runners)