英语中主谓一致的语法点：简单超乎想象的学习指南
英语中主谓一致的语法点：简单超乎想象的学习指南“Hi there my name is Tom. I come from the village of Bendemeer and Icurrently work for a technology company. I have three kids and two dogs at home. I like to drink coffee and read a good book during my free time.”Tom 其实应该这样说：有点别扭？希望你能感觉到这一点。也许你对于英语动词已经很熟悉了，但你了解主谓一致的语法规则吗？
关于英语主谓一致，让我们先来看看下面这段自我介绍：
“Hi there my name is Tom. I comes from the village of Bendemeer and I currently works for a technology company. I has three kids and two dogs at home. I like to drinks coffee and read a good book during my free time.”
有点别扭？
希望你能感觉到这一点。
也许你对于英语动词已经很熟悉了，但你了解主谓一致的语法规则吗？
Tom 其实应该这样说：
“Hi there my name is Tom. I come from the village of Bendemeer and Icurrently work for a technology company. I have three kids and two dogs at home. I like to drink coffee and read a good book during my free time.”
注意动词形式要跟主语（Tom 说话时的主语是 I）保持一致。
在英语里，主谓一致是确保句子语法正确和通顺的基本原则之一。
起初可能有些地方容易混淆，但学起来其实非常简单！
接下来我们将结合大量的例句为你详细解读这项原则的要点。最后我们还准备了练习题，帮助你进一步巩固学习成果。
如何找出句子中的主语和谓语？
谓语是句子中表述动作、活动或状态的单词（或者短语）。
Tom threw the ball.（动作）
The bridge collapsed.（活动）
Jessica seems uncertain about her project.（状态）
主语是句子中完成动作的人或物。上面几个例句中的主语分别是：
Tom
The bridge
Jessica
在英语里，动词的形式需要随着主语变化，这就是我们所谓的“英语主谓一致”。
接下来让我们看看英语主谓一致原则的具体应用。
英语主谓一致轻松学习指南：4 种不同情况 小测验1. 根据主语单/复数变换动词形式
相比于某些动词形式非常复杂的语言，英语的主谓一致原则其实要简单得多。重点在于注意主语为单数和复数时的区别。
我们这里说的都是针对现在时，有关其他时态的知识点，稍后我们会详细介绍。
单数主语就是主语仅限于单个人或物的情况。像 Mr. Smith 或者 the ball 描述的都是单个人或物，所以都属于单数主语；单数第三人称代词 he、she 和 it 也包括在内。注释：
- anyone、everyone、each、either 和 neither 这些单词都被看作单数。
- 而像 club、company、family 和 team 这样的集合名词在美国英语中也被看作单数——因为它们是一个整体；而在英国英语中集合名词有时会被看作复数。
对于单数主语需要在动词末尾加 s 来保持主谓一致。以动词 dance 为例，当主语为单数时，要在词尾加 s 变为 dances。
William dances to the music.
再来看一些其他动词的示例：
The monkey eats bananas.
Timmy gives his Mother some flowers.
She cries.
When provoked it barks.
Everyone takes a prize before they leave.
Each person collects a sandwich from the counter.
The team celebrates.
Every Sunday my family gathers to eat together.
而像 my friends 和 the documents 这种指多个人或物的名词就是复数主语，复数代词 they 和 we 也包括在内。
人称代词 you 和 I 比较特殊。I 是单数代词；you 根据不同语境，既可以是单数，也可以是复数。不过它们搭配的谓语动词跟复数主语相同。
复数主语（包括第一和第二人称）其实比单数主语简单多了！只需要使用动词原形就可以了。
They wave at us.
The children ride their bicycles to school.
I love to sing.
We are cold.
You take a photograph of them.
Today I feel better.
用 and 或其他介词连接的复合主语也要搭配动词原形。例如：
Jay and Mary visit Grandmother at the hospital.
英文经典老歌《The Gambler》对你练习主谓一致原则可能会有帮助。歌词中用到了很多不同的单复数主语，可以留意一下它们搭配的谓语动词形式。
2. 英语主谓一致同样适用于下列情况
主语和谓语分开时：
有时主语和谓语之间可能会被描述性的短语隔开，此时仍然要遵循主谓一致的原则。
The elderly man buys some flowers.
The elderly man in the red shirt buys some flowers.
The group of children wave at us.
The group of children on the school bus wave at us.
The baker gives an extra loaf of bread whenever we visit.
The baker in that famous bread shop gives an extra loaf of bread whenever we visit.
动词放在主语前面时：
在疑问句中，主语和谓语的位置通常会倒装，此时它们要继续保持一致。
I am next in line.
Am I next in line?
They are coming to visit us.
Are they coming to visit us?
否定句
主谓一致的原则同样适用于否定句。
I am next in line.
I am not next in line.
Tom is coming to visit us.
Tom is not coming to visit us.
3. 不同时态下的英语主谓一致
一般过去时
无论主语是单数还是复数，英语一般过去时的动词形式都是相同的。让我们看几个例句。
单数主语一般现在时：
The child waves at me.
变成过去时：
The child waved at me.
复数主语一般现在时：
The children wave at me.
变成过去时——动词形式跟单数时完全相同：
The children waved at me.
再来看看下面的例句：
Jane visited the doctor.（单数主语，过去时）
Jane and Kate visited the doctor.（复数主语，过去时）
不过对于过去时，我们需要格外留意动词 be，它需要根据不同的主语相应地改变形式。
I was tired this morning.
She was tired this morning
You were tired this morning.
We were tired this morning.
They were tired this morning.
复合时态：
复合时态是助动词（比如 have 或者 be ）和主动词搭配使用的情况，可以用来表达过去发生过或者将来会发生的情况。
在这类句子中，主动词需要用过去分词。动词的过去分词只有一种形式，不需要根据不同主语进行调整。只需要注意助动词跟主语保持一致。
Jim eats his dinner. They eat their dinner.
Jim has eaten his dinner. They have eaten their dinner.
I am planning to leave work early tonight. My kids are planning to meet me at the restaurant.
I was planning to come home early tonight. My kids were planning to meet me at the restaurant.
4. 有情态动词时的英语主谓一致
情态动词也属于一类助动词。包括 can、might 和 must 等用来表达可能性和许可等含义的单词。如果你对它们还不太熟悉，可以浏览一下这份英语情态动词完全清单。
在有情态动词的句子中其实不用太在意主谓一致的问题。它们跟任何主语搭配时的形式都一样，而且主动词全部要用原形。
Cassandra could study a lot harder.
My classmates could study a lot harder.
再看一个例子：
You must leave before noon tomorrow.
Janet and Ashley must leave before noon tomorrow.
We must leave before noon tomorrow.
自己试试看！
你能找出下面这些句子的错误吗？
- The cost of all these items have risen.
- Each of the suspects were arrested.
- The boss and his secretary has disappeared.
- Neither his father nor his mother are alive.
- The success or failure of the project depend on the team.
- James could packs his lunch for work.
- Allison and I walks up the hill every Monday evening.
答案在这里！你都做对了吗？
- The cost of all these items has risen.
- Each of the suspects was arrested.
- The boss and his secretary have disappeared.
- Neither his father nor his mother is alive.
- The success or failure of the project depends on the team.
- James could pack his lunch for work.
- Allison and I walk up the hill every Monday evening.
如果想进行更多练习，可以来做一下 BusinessWriting.com 网站上的这套测试题。
英语主谓一致原则其实根本不像看上去那么困难，大可不必为此发愁！希望这篇文章能让你有所收获！
关注并私信“英语”，可领取更多英语口语大礼包。
