宾语从句中考语法讲解（宾语从句讲与练）
宾语从句中考语法讲解（宾语从句讲与练）I want to know whether you like me or not .I want to know whether or not youlike me . 2．从句为一般疑问句，常选择连接词if或whether。在whether…or not结构中不能用if替换。但下面四种情况，只能用whether引导宾语从句．He asked me whether / if I liked my job .I want to know whether / if you'll come to the party .(A)当句子中出现 or not 时，必须用whether引导宾语从句
【A】 宾语从句的引导词
宾语从句的引导词有;连词that(引导陈述句即肯定句或否定句）、if或 whether(引导的宾语从句是由一般疑问句转化而来）、疑问词who whom what which whose 和 when where why how(引导的从句是由特殊疑问句转化而来）。
1．从句为陈述句，常用that连接
that只起连接作用，在句中不作句子成分，也无实际意义，在口语或非正式文体中常被省略。
2．从句为一般疑问句，常选择连接词if或whether。在whether…or not结构中不能用if替换。
但下面四种情况，只能用whether引导宾语从句．
He asked me whether / if I liked my job .
I want to know whether / if you'll come to the party .
(A)当句子中出现 or not 时，必须用whether引导宾语从句
I want to know whether or not youlike me .
I want to know whether you like me or not .
(B)当主句的谓语动词是由”动词＋介词”构成的短语时，必须用whether引导宾语从句
They're talking about whether they'll go there.
(C)当宾语从句为了起强调作用，放在句首时，必须用whether引导宾语从句
Whether you like me I want to know .
(D)当 if 容易引起歧义时，必须用whether引导宾语从句
Please let me know if you like it .
(宾语从句 ， if =”是否”）
Please let me know if you like it .
（条件状语从句 if = ”如果”）
（E）从句是否定式时，一般用if whether很少用在否定式从句中。
例如：I don’t care if he doesn’t come . 如果他不来，我也不介意。
The problem is whether we can carry out the plan.
问题是我们是否能实施这项计划。
3．从句为特殊疑问句，常选择what when where which who how等的疑问代、副词作连接词。
【B】宾语从句的语序
宾语从句的语序为陈述句语序，即主语 谓语 宾语。将疑问句转化为宾语从句时，一定要将疑问句语序变为陈述句语序。怎样变为陈述句语序呢？分两种情况：1 交换词：be(am.is.are.was.were) can must will would could should has have had 将这些词与主语交换位置即可。2 转换词：do（动词原形） does（动词的单数第三称） did（动词的过去式）将这些词去掉，后面相应的行为动词改为相应的形式。
例如：Can you tell me What does he want?→Can you tell me what he wants?
当who whose which what 对主语提问时，语序不变，变为宾语从句时语序仍不变。
判断时态情况：
1.主句是一般现在时，从句为各种时态情况
He says (that) he will leave a message on my desk.
They know (that) he is working hard.
具体过去永不变，真理格言现在时；
He told me that he was born in 1980.
Father told me that practice makes perfect .
2.主句是一般过去时，从句为各种相应过去时态注意：从句描绘客观事实，用一般现在时
3.主句是一般将来时，一般从句为一般现在时（“主将从现”）
例题：
〈1. The teacher told the children that the sun＿＿＿＿ round.
A. was B. is C. were D. are
〈2. I believe that our team＿＿＿＿ the basketball match.
A. win B. won C. will win D. wins
〈3. I don’t know＿＿＿＿ to visit the old man.
A. whether B. if C. that D. who
〈4.The soldiers soon reached----was once an old temple----the villagers used as a school.
A.which;where B.what;which C.where;which D.what;where
答4：选B，动词reach后接宾语从句，从句缺少宾语，where不可，which引导宾语从句时表疑问含义“哪一个…”而此句中并非疑问含义，不知道哪一座庙宇，而是用what从句表陈述含义，意“过去的一座旧庙宇”；temple后为对其修饰的定语从句，用关系代词which代替，并在从句中作动词used的宾语，use sth. as…“把…用作…
4. （1）否定前移，及完成反意问句；
在think / believe / suppose / guess / imagine / expect等动词后跟宾语从句否定式时，应转移到主句上去，完成反意疑问句时，应与从句主、谓保持一致。（注: 否定前移的条件是，主句主语是第一人称）
I don't think you are right are you ?
I don't believe they have finished their work yet have they?
（2）在表示建议 suggest advise
要求demand 、desire、require、request、propose；
决定 decide; 命令 order、command; 坚决主张 insist;
等动词后跟宾语从句，用（should） v．（虚拟语气）
eg． I suggested that you（should）study hard．
He ordered that we should go out at once．
（3）如果宾语从句后有宾语补足语，用it作形式宾语，把宾语从句后置
eg．You may think it strange that he would live there．
（4）宾语从句that常可省略，但在以下情况下不能省略
A．当主句谓语动词带有两个或两个以上宾语从句时，可以省略第一个that，其他不能省略。
eg．I believe（that）you have done your best and that things will get
better．
B．当it作形式宾语时
eg．She made it clear that she had nothing to do with him．
C．当宾语从句前置时
eg．That our team will win，I believe．
5.带有宾语从句的复合句的构成:
宾语从句连接词：带有宾语从句的复合句就是用连接词把一个主句和一个宾语从句连接在一起：that(可省略)，what who when where why which if
whether how.
6、注意：
A 宾语从句必须用陈述语序。
False: He is wondering when can he finish this difficult job.
Right: He is wondering when he can finish this difficult job.
B 有时候可以用it 作形式宾语，而把真正的宾语从句放在后面。
Bad: I thought that he could finish this job in just two hours impossible.
Good: I thought it impossible that he could finish this job in just two hours.
Bad: He left whether we should continue this project to my judgment.
Good: He left it to my judgment whether we should continue this project 9
C 带有宾语从句的复合句的否定形式一般是否定主句。
Bad: I think he doesn’t like the English teacher.
Good: I don’t think he likes the English teacher.
False: He wanted to know why he is crying in the corner.
Right: He wanted to know why he was crying in the corner.
宾语从句难点：宾语从句是高考的一个重要考点，其实无论怎样变换，总无外乎几种情况。
一、引导词
1.what在名词性从句中必须充当成分 做主语 宾语 表语
2. that 在名词性从句中绝对不充当任何成分 一般情况下可以省略
that前通常不加介词 除了except/but/in
2000全国:The suit fitted him well-----the color was a little bit strange.
A except B except that C except when D besides
2001春招:I read about it in some book or other does it matter----it was?
A. where B. what C. how D which
Which在名词性从句中通常充当定语
2000上海春招:Eat cake-----you like and leave the others for-----comes in late.
A any who B every whoever C whichever whoever D either whoever
Which whichever在名词性从句中通常充当定语
二、语序
宾语从句的语序必须是陈述语序
(1)2000上海:Someone is ringing the door bell. Go and see --
A. who is he B. who he is C. who is it D. who it is
1.宾语从句陈述语气
2.开门 接电话时 who is it? 故选D
(2)He asked-----with you?
A what was the matter B what the matter was C the matter was what D what is the matter
我们所谓的陈述语序 指的是主 谓 宾 因此
(1) 中who 在句中作表语 因为回答时是it is me.所以要把主语it放在谓语is的前面
(2) 中what做句子的主语 句子本身就是按照主系表排列的 因此不用倒装.
三、时态
主句是现在或将来时态时，从句可用任何所需要的时态。
主句是过去时态时，从句要用表示过去的相应的时态。如从句表达的是客观规律或真理时，用一般现在时。
(3) The manager entered the office and was happy to learn four-fifths of the
tickets------
A was booked B had been booked C were booked D have been booked
(4)She said that the earth-----around the sun.她说地球围绕太阳转。
A moves B moved C move D moving
四、特殊形式宾语从句
(1)如宾语从句有自己的宾语补足语，则用it作形式宾语，而把宾语从句后置。其句型为：
“主语 谓语 it 宾补 宾语从句” make find consider feel
We were all surprised when he made-----clear he leave office soon.
A this B that C it D which
(2)在hate enjoy like love appreciate等动词之后 可用it充当形式宾语
潍坊统考:I’d appreciate-----if you would turn the radio down.
A that B it C this D you
跟踪练习一、用适当的连接词（how which where when why whether if that）填空。
1.Mary thinks ________ mooncakes are delicious.
2.I don’t know _________ he will come on time tomorrow.
3.Do you know ____________ the train station is?
4.Kate wonders __________ she can get to the bookstore.
5.Could you please tell me ________ the bus will arrive?
6.Can you tell me ________ you were late this morning?
7.I’m not sure ___________ they will like it or not.
8.Could you tell me __________ is the way to the hospital?
二、改错。
1.He asked me where did I come from.
2.Do you know that how old she is?
3.Can you tell me if he likes Chinese or not.
4.Tom’s brother said he has a good time traveling to Beijing.
5.I don’t know when the meeting will begin?
6.He said that he is helping the farmers picking apples on the farm.
7.Please tell me how can I get to the nearest bank.
8.I think that he doesn’t need any help.
三、合并成含有宾语从句的复合句。
1. “Where will we have the meeting?” She asked me.
2. I wonder “What should I do next?”
3. “They will go to Shanghai for vacation.” He said.
4. The teacher said “Light travels faster than sound.”
5. He asked me “Are you waiting for me?”
6. “Can I join the swimming club?” He wondered.
7. “Where is the train station?” The stranger asked.
8. “How can I get to the post office?” Could you please me?
练习答案
一、
1.that 2.if/whether 3.where 4.how 5.when 6.why 7.whether 8.which
二、
1. He asked me where I came from.
2. Do you know how old she is? （去掉that）
3. Can you tell me whether he likes Chinese or not.
4. Tom’s brother said he had a good time traveling to Beijing.
5. I don’t know when the meeting will begin. (句末标点)
6. He said that he was helping the farmers picking apples on the farm.
7. Please tell me how I can get to the nearest bank.
8. I don’t think that he needs any help.
三、
1. She asked me where we would have the meeting.
2. I wonder what I should do next
3. He said that they would go to Shanghai for vacation.
4. The teacher said that light travels faster than sound.
5. He asked me if/whether I was waiting for him.
6. He wondered if/whether he could join the swimming club.
7. The stranger asked where the train station was.
8. Could you please me how I can get to the post office?
