长难句从句结束位置（长难句解析抓住了主干剩下的不过是词汇关）

长难句从句结束位置（长难句解析抓住了主干剩下的不过是词汇关）n.生产者;制造者;生产商manufacturer [ˌmænjuˈfæktʃərər] including Nestle and Coca-Cola是后置定语，修饰manufacturers；using the same methodology是现在分词短语作方式状语。【词汇】

Confronted with this evidence several bottled-water manufacturers including Nestle and Coca-Cola undertook their own studies using the same methodology.

【分析】

本句主干是“…several bottled-water manufacturers…undertook their own studies…”。

Confronted with this evidence是过去分词短语作伴随状语；

including Nestle and Coca-Cola是后置定语，修饰manufacturers；

using the same methodology是现在分词短语作方式状语。

【词汇】

manufacturer [ˌmænjuˈfæktʃərər]

n.生产者;制造者;生产商

Faulty goods should be returned to the manufacturers.

有问题的产品应退还生产厂家。

a car/computer manufacturer

汽车 / 计算机制造商

confront sb with sb/sth

使面对，使面临，使对付（令人不快或难处的人、场合）

He confronted her with a choice between her career or their relationship.

他要她在事业和他们两人关系之间作出抉择。

Most people when confronted with a horse will pat it.

大多数人遇见马时都会轻轻地拍拍它。

She was confronted with severe money problems

她面临严峻的资金问题。

I was confronted with an array of knobs levers and switches.

我面对的是一大堆旋钮、控制杆和开关。

She had decided to confront Kathryn with what she had learnt

她决定拿自己了解的事实与凯瑟琳当面对证。

We must confront future with optimism.

我们必须乐观地面对未来。

In his latest collection of poems readers are confronted with a series of reflections on death.

在他最新的诗集里，读者能够读到他对死亡的一系列感想。

undertake [ˌʌndərˈteɪk]

v.承担;从事;负责;承诺;允诺;答应

University professors both teach and undertake research.

大学教授既要教学又要从事研究工作。

A number of very well designed studies have been undertaken.

已经进行了多项精心规划的研究。

methodology [ˌmeθəˈdɑːlədʒi]

n.(从事某一活动的)方法，原则

In their own work they may have favored the use of methodology different from mine.

他们在做自己的工作时，也许更喜欢使用和我不一样的一套方法。

Teaching methodologies vary according to the topic.

题目不同，教学法也不一样。

【译文】

面对这一证据，包括雀巢、可口可乐在内的几家瓶装水生产商利用同样的方法进行了他们自己的研究。