haunt非谓语动词（非谓语动词Gerunds动名词）
haunt非谓语动词（非谓语动词Gerunds动名词）例句中动词LIKE与主语Andy（第三人称单数）人称和数一致，使用的是一般现在时。Take the verb LIKE it agrees with the subject Andy (the third person singular) and it shows us the simple present tense.Finite verbs must agree with the number and person of its subject and they also show tense.限定性动词又叫谓语动词，在句中充当谓语，在人称和数上必须和主语保持一致，有时态变化。★ Andy likes running in marathons.
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There are two kinds of verbs: finite verbs and non-finite verbs.
动词分为限定性动词和非限定性动词。
Finite Verbs:
Finite verbs must agree with the number and person of its subject and they also show tense.
限定性动词又叫谓语动词，在句中充当谓语，在人称和数上必须和主语保持一致，有时态变化。
★ Andy likes running in marathons.
Take the verb LIKE it agrees with the subject Andy (the third person singular) and it shows us the simple present tense.
例句中动词LIKE与主语Andy（第三人称单数）人称和数一致，使用的是一般现在时。
Non- Finite Verbs:
Non-finite verbs are not bound by person or number of the subject and they do not show tense. There are three types of non-finite verbs: gerunds infinitives and (present and past) participles.
非限定性动词也叫非谓语动词，在句中不可单独作谓语，不受主语的人称和数的限制，也不能决定时态的变化。非限定性动词分三种：动名词、不定式和分词（现在分词和过去分词）。
Gerunds:
◆ Gerunds are verbs that function as a noun and are formed by adding -ing to the base form of a verb.
◆ 动名词是由动词变化而来，是动词作名词的一种形式。
◇ 一般情况下：原形动词词尾直接 ing read - reading
◇ 动词以不发音e结尾：去e ing dance - dancing
◇ 动词以重读闭音节结尾：双写词末辅音字母 ing
cut-cutting
◇ 动词以ie结尾：变ie为y ing lie - lying
◆ Just like nouns gerunds can be used in many different situations. They can be used
◆ 跟名词一样，动名词在句中可以作不同的成分。
◇as the subject作主语:
◇ You can use a gerund when you want to use a verb as the subject of a sentence or a phrase.
◇ 如若想用动词作为一个句子或短语的主语时，通常使用动名词。
★ Smoking in public areas should be banned.
★ 应该禁止在公共场所吸烟。
★ Sailing around the world is an adventure.
★ 环球航行是一种冒险。
★ Eating too much sugar is bad for your teeth.
★ 吃太多的糖对牙齿不好。
★ Swimming is good for your body.
★ 游泳有益身体健康。
★ Eating in class is not allowed.
★ 不允许在课堂上吃东西。
★ Volunteering is a great way to give back to your community.
★ 做志愿者是回馈社会的好方式。
★ Eating fruits and vegetables is important for a healthy diet.
★ 多吃水果和蔬菜于健康饮食十分重要。
◇ 动名词常在“It is no use/no good/fun/a waste of time/a good pleasure等名词 doing”结构中作主语，IT为形式主语。
★ It's no good trying to talk me out of leaving.
★ 想说服我不离开，没用。
★ It’s no use leaving a message she never calls back anyway.
★ 留言也没用，她从不回电话。
★ It is a waste of time seeing that movie.
★ 看那部电影是浪费时间。
◇ 动名词也可在“There is no doing”结构中作主语。
★ There is no standing still in this life; one must either advance or fall behind.
★ 在这样的生活中没用静止不动的。一个人要么前进、要么后退。
★ There is no denying that she is very efficient.
★ 她效率高是不可否认的。
◇as the object 作宾语:
◆ There are many common verbs and verb phrases that take gerunds as objects.
◆ 有许多常见的动词和动词短语只能跟动名词作宾语。
★ Andy detested being photographed.
★ 安迪非常讨厌拍照。
★ She loathed being the child of impoverished labourers.
★ 她憎恨自己是贫困工人的孩子。
★ Do you fancy going out this evening?
★ 今晚你想不想出去？
★ She imagined walking into the office and handing in her resignation.
★ 她想象着自己走进办公室，递上辞呈。
★ It was an unpopular decision to postpone building the new hospital.
★ 延迟兴建新医院的决定不得人心。
★ He proposed changing the name of the company.
★ 他建议更改公司的名称。
★ I can't recall meeting her before.
★ 我想不起来以前曾经见过她。
★ He bitterly resents being treated like a child.
★ 他十分厌恶被别人当孩子对待。
★ The bank strongly resisted cutting interest rates.
★ 银行强烈反对降低利率。
★ He put off making a decision till he had more information.
★ 在获得详情之前，他没有急于做出决定。
★ I can’t stand working with people who always show up late.
★ 我无法忍受与那些总是迟到的人一起工作。
◇after prepositions and prepositional phrases 介词或介词短语之后，使用动名词:
★ Before completing university she already had several job offers.
★ 在大学毕业之前，她已经得到了多份工作邀请。
★ You should study instead of watching TV.
★ 你应该学习，不应该看电视。
★ We are looking forward to making a trip to the Great Wall.
★ 我们正期待着到长城一游。
★ She walked out of the room without saying a word.
★ 她走出了房间，一句话也没说。
★ I have been thinking of him nonstop since meeting him.
★ 自从见过他之后，我就不停地想着他。
★ He hates all forms of creative expressions except writing.
★ 除了写作，他讨厌所有形式的创造性表达。
★ After recovering from his injury Andy retired from rugby.
★ 伤愈后，安迪退出了橄榄球运动。
★ In spite of training for years she got knocked out of the tournament in the first round.
★ 尽管训练了多年，她在第一轮就被淘汰出局。
★ I’m fed up with asking you to be quiet.
★ 我已经厌倦了要求你保持安静。
◇ 在“have difficulty/trouble/problem/a hard time/a good time (in) doing”，“be busy (in) doing”，“waste/lose time (in) doing浪费时间做某事”，“There is no point (in) doing做某事没有任何意义”等结构中，IN常省去。
★ Twins often have difficulty expressing themselves verbally.
★ 双胞胎往往有言语表达方面的困难。
★ The children are busy doing their homework.
★ 孩子们忙于做作业。
★ There is no pointing in taking your jacket it’s really hot outside.
★ 带上外套没用必要，外面真的很热。
◇ How about doing…? / What about doing…?
★ How about listening to classical music?
★ 听点古典音乐怎么样？
★ What about going for a walk after supper?
★ 晚饭后去散步如何？
◆ We use GO a gerund when we’re talking about hobbies or recreational activities.
◆ “GO 动名词”来谈论爱好或娱乐活动。
★ go hiking 去徒步旅行
★ go swimming 去游泳
★ go fishing 去钓鱼
★ go shopping 去逛街
★ go sightseeing 去观光
动名词的逻辑主语：
◆ 当动名词的逻辑主语与句子的逻辑主语不一致时，要在动名词之前加上形容性物主代词(my his her its our your their)或名词所有格，作为其逻辑主语。
★ Andy’s being careless caused so much trouble.
★ 安迪的粗心引起了诸多麻烦。
★ Can you imagine his saying such a thing?
★ 你能想象他说出这样的话吗？
★ Cathy’s going there is of no help.
★ 凯西去那儿也没什么用。
动名词的完成时态：having done
◆ 如果强调动名词表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生，常用动名词的完成时态。
★ I have no idea of their having done such a thing.
★ 我不知道他们做过这样的事。
★ The man in the corner confessed to having told a lie to the manager of the company.
★ 角落里的那个人承认自己对公司经理撒了谎。
★ I apologize for having broken my promise.
★ 未遵守诺言，我道歉。
动名词的被动态：being done
◆ 当动名词的逻辑主语与动名词的动作对象表示一种被动关系，用动名词的被动态。当表示一个被动动作发生在谓语动作之前，用动名词的被动完成时 having been done。
★ China recently tightened its waters controls near the Huangyan Island to prevent Chinese fishing boats from being attacked in the South China Sea.
★ 近期，中国加强了对黄岩岛附近海域的控制以防止中国渔船受到攻击。
★ Three officers narrowly escaped being killed in the fierce battle.
★ 在那次激烈的战斗中，三名军官死里逃生。
★ Being exposed to sunlight for a long time is harmful to one’s skin.
★ 长时间接触阳光对皮肤有害。
★ She was proud of having being trained in the UK.
★ 在英国接受过训练，她很自豪。
动名词的主动形式表被动意义：
◆ 在动词need require want deserve后用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义。Be Worth 动名词，也是主动式表被动意义。
★ Your hair wants cutting. You’d better have it done tomorrow.
★ 你的头发该理了，最好明天就去理。
★ The outside of the house needs painting.
★ 这房子外墙需要刷漆了。
★ The machine requires repairing.
★ 这机器需要修理了。
★ This matter might be worth thinking about.
★ 这件事可能值得考虑。
★ The clock is hardly worth repairing.
★ 这台钟真不值得修理。
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