你是怎样理解一国两制的（一国两制漫谈②）

你是怎样理解一国两制的（一国两制漫谈②）但中央政府没有那样做，而是把香港设立为特别行政区，以授权的方式，实行“港人治港”，高度自治。为此，全国人大专门制定了香港基本法，对中央与特区关系以及特区自治范围内的事务作出明确规定，并承诺50年不变。Sovereignty is always accompanied by jurisdiction. Ever since China resumed the exercise of sovereign rule over Hong Kong its central government has been authorized by the Constitution to exercise overall jurisdiction over the SAR. As the Communist Party of China is the sole governing party of the

作者：萧平

XIAO PING

资深时事评论员。

Why "one country two systems" was chosen?

为什么选择“一国两制”？还有别的制度选择吗？面对回归后“一国两制”遇到的种种问题，不少人生出这样的疑问。九七回归后，香港可以实行“一国一制”吗？从法理上讲是完全可以的。

When the implementation of “one country two systems” ran into obstacles some people wondered why “one country two systems” was chosen in the first place and whether there had been other options in terms of system arrangements for Hong Kong after China resumed sovereign rule over the city. Undoubtedly there was sufficient jurisprudential grounds for China to implement “one country one system” in Hong Kong upon resuming the exercise of sovereign rule over the city in 1997.

主权与治权紧密相连，中国政府对香港恢复行使主权就意味着可以行使治权。按照宪法，中国共产党是中国唯一的执政党，执政半径理所当然覆盖香港。因此，如果在终结港英管治后彻底“另起炉灶”，把内地的制度引入香港，像管治内地省市那样管治香港，是完全符合主权原则和国际惯例的。

Sovereignty is always accompanied by jurisdiction. Ever since China resumed the exercise of sovereign rule over Hong Kong its central government has been authorized by the Constitution to exercise overall jurisdiction over the SAR. As the Communist Party of China is the sole governing party of the country it is authorized by the Constitution to exercise overall jurisdiction over Hong Kong as it does over the rest of the country. That means China has every right to introduce the socialist system in Hong Kong if it chooses to replace the capitalist system and lifestyle under the British rule with its own socialist system and lifestyle after the resumption of sovereign rule over Hong Kong. A sovereign state can adopt any social system at its own discretion because it is a universal principle recognized by the international community.

但中央政府没有那样做，而是把香港设立为特别行政区，以授权的方式，实行“港人治港”，高度自治。为此，全国人大专门制定了香港基本法，对中央与特区关系以及特区自治范围内的事务作出明确规定，并承诺50年不变。

However the central government refused to do so. Instead it set up a Special Administrative Region in Hong Kong and bestowed it a high degree of autonomy that allows Hong Kong people to govern Hong Kong. For this purpose the National People’s Congress enacted the Basic Law of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China which prescribes the relationships between the central government and the SAR defines its autonomy and promises to keep this framework unchanged for 50 years.

为什么可以“一国一制”却要“一国两制”？这是“充分照顾到香港的历史和现实情况”（邓小平语）作出的政治决断。这个决断各方都能接受，它的根本出发点，就是最大限度保留香港的特色和优势，令香港在回归后继续保持繁荣稳定。

Choosing "one country two systems" over "one country one system" according to Deng Xiaoping was a political decision "in full respect of Hong Kong's history and reality". The decision was accepted by all parties concerned because its original intent of preserving Hong Kong's unique advantages as much as possible would let the city maintain its prosperity and stability after its return to China.

原全国政协主席李瑞环给港澳地区全国政协委员讲过一个“茶壶的故事”。话说一位老太太把家中一把上百年的紫砂壶拿到市场去卖，开价5钱银子。一位买主很懂行，见壶内有茶山（经年历久形成的茶垢），知道是难得的好东西，愿出价三两，随后回家去取银子。老太太心想，一把旧壶给这么多钱，里面有垢实在不好意思，于是就把茶山刮净了。稍后买主回来，一看茶山没了，掉头就走不买了。这个故事意味深长，道出了中央对香港价值的珍视，可以从中体会“一国两制”的良苦用心。

Li Ruihuan former chairman of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) once told Hong Kong and Macao members of the CPPCC a story about a used teapot. An elderly woman brought a used purple clay teapot that had been with her family for over a century to the flea market to sell for a fraction of one silver tael. An experienced antique buyer saw a thick layer of residue built up inside the teapot and knew it was worth much more than her asking price (in ancient China people believed the older a purple teapot is and the more residue it contains the better the tea in it tastes). So he offered almost 10 times more in silver for the teapot and asked the elderly woman to wait for him while he went home to get more silver because he did not have enough on him. While waiting for the buyer the elderly woman decided to make the teapot look better by thoroughly cleaning it up inside and out much to the horror of the buyer who then declined to deal. The story was Li’s way of showing how much the central authorities value what Hong Kong has to offer and why Beijing chose to implement “one country two systems” in the SAR.

打个比方，香港好像一个游子，离家太久了，疏离感是难免的，对家里的规矩和粗茶淡饭难以适应。因此，保留原有的社会制度和生活方式不变，既是大多数港人所愿，也与中央考虑香港问题的出发点相契合。上世纪八九十年代的香港，已经是区域性国际金融、贸易、航运中心，独特的营商环境、法治规则和国际联系，是任何一个内地城市都不具备的。如果实行“一国一制”，中国只是多了一个几百万人口的内地式城市，却可能失去一颗独具特色的“东方之珠”。新中国成立后尤其改革开放后，香港以其独特的优势，助力国家发展，弥补国家短板，发挥了难以替代的作用。保留原有的社会制度和生活方式，不仅有利于香港继续繁荣稳定，也可以令香港为国家未来发展作出更大的贡献，可谓利国利港，一举两得。用邓小平的话说，“一国两制”是中国特色社会主义“很重要的一个内容”。

Hong Kong had been separated from the motherland for so long it had a hard time getting used to being a part of the family given how different the motherland was from the United Kingdom. That was why the great majority of Hong Kong residents wanted the existing social system and lifestyle to remain unchanged as did the central government. Back in the 1980s and 1990s Hong Kong was already a regional center of international finance trade and shipping with its own unique business environment complete with the rule of law and worldwide connections unmatched by its mainland counterparts. Had China chosen “one country one system” for Hong Kong the latter would have become just another mainland city losing its splendor as the “Pearl of the East” for good. Hong Kong thanks to its unique advantages as a free port and international financial center in the region has played an irreplaceable role in the country’s reform and opening-up in the past 42 years. Keeping the existing social system and lifestyle would not only allow Hong Kong to remain prosperous and stable but continue playing its irreplaceable role in the nation’s peaceful development. In Deng Xiaoping’s words “one country two systems” is “a very important part” of socialism with Chinese characteristics.

原文刊登于4月7日《中国日报香港版》