口译笔记详解（ScalersTalk口译基础小组三口实务第12周训练日志）

口译笔记详解（ScalersTalk口译基础小组三口实务第12周训练日志）耳目一新 gain renewal不必庸人自扰 let sb off the hook满足消费需求 meet financial demands重中之重 the highest priority腾出时间/抽空做 make time for…

序言

你现在看到的是成长会口译基础训练日志。口译基础训练项目落在口译基础训练小组，主要以三级口译实务教材为主，我们的目标也是逐个章节地刷完这本经典作品。这本教材我们在2015年已经刷完过一轮，所以这相当于是第二遍了。如果你缺乏持续行动的能力，那来和我们一起练是最好的选择没有之一。

口译基础训练小组需要参加测试才能进入。具体的测试方法在成长会内部有详细说明（参见1号帖章节1.4交传小组和口译基础训练小组），我们根据测试的表现，给出等级判定。根据等级的不同分配到对应的训练小组。

口译基础训练小组只对成长会内部开放。对于进群后不行动的，定期清理退群。

往期日志：

Unit 7 卫生保健（Health and Fitness）

Page 131 汉译英

词组译法

• 满足消费需求 meet financial demands

• 重中之重 the highest priority

• 腾出时间/抽空做 make time for…

• 不必庸人自扰 let sb off the hook

• 耳目一新 gain renewal

• 努力发展事业be challenged to develop careers

• 美满的家庭生活satisfying home life

• 设定重点set priority

• 保持健康stay healthy

• 洗个热澡relax in a warm bath

• 舒服看本好书 curl up with a good book

• 充电recharge your battery

• 慢性病 chronic illness

句式连接

段落一

许多家庭都努力着既要发展各自的事业，满足消费需求，又希望拥有美满的家庭生活。设定重点就易于保持健康。把你认为生活中重要的事物列成一张清单，如与家人共度时光，事业有成，身体健康……然后瞧一瞧它们列在一起是什么样的。比如说：你也许发觉工作对你很重要，而和家人在一起同样重要；健身很重要，而帮孩子补习功课也是如此。你需要确定什么是重中之重，然后一一腾出时间。

参考译文

Many families are challenged to develop careers meet financial demands and still have a satisfying home life. Staying healthy can be easier if you set priorities. Make a list of things that you consider important in your life for example spending time with your family succeeding at your job staying fit etc. Then take a look at how they stack up. For instance you might recognize that your job is important to you but so is spending time with your family. Going to the gym is key but so is helping your kids with their homework. It’s up to you to identify your highest priorities and then make time for them.

解析

• 首句三个短句处理成一个句子，关键要先确定句型：do A do B and do C。第二句很容易直译“setting a priority is helpful for keeping health”，这种句式会造成歧义——setting才是保持健康的方式，事实上是通过做该priority才保持的健康，因此选用 if从句更佳。“然后瞧一瞧它们列在一起是什么样的”并不是真的要see how they look when listed together，不得不说stack up用得很妙。“确定重中之重”identify the highest priority这样的表达需要借鉴学习。

段落二

抽空做你认为最重要的事情，你就不会忽略生命力诸如健康、家庭这样的基本要素、不要因顾此必须失彼而自咎。例如，你觉得和家人在一起的时间很重要，那么就别因为要帮助孩子补习而决定不去健身而庸人自扰了。或者如果你有慢性病的话，留心别因工作安排而忘记吃药。健康的关键在于告诉自己你是最重要的——你是自己最重要的资本。学会为自己“充电”，这样下次压力来临的时候，你就可以精神百倍地面对。紧张的一天之后，你可以泡一个热澡，舒舒服服地看本好书。你也可以挑一个周末的下午散步或远足，呼吸一下新鲜空气，让自己耳目一新。

参考译文

Making time for your priorities keeps your focus on the fundamental things in your life such as your health and your family. Don’t beat yourself up if you must choose one priority over another. Recognize that you value order to help your son with his schoolwork. Or if you’re managing a chronic illness be careful not to let your work schedule cause you to miss taking your medications. The key to health is to remind yourself that you’re important— you are your most important resources. Learn some ways to recharge your battery so that you’re ready when the next stressful situation arises. You might try relaxing in a warm bath or curling up with a good book after a stressful day. Or spend a weekend afternoon hiking or walking outdoors to get fresh air and gain renewal.

解析

• “不要因顾必须失彼而自咎”中“因”对因果解释的意味并不大，参考译文选择if从句衔接更自然，choose one priority over another也将“顾此失彼”的形神都传达得很清楚。几种情形的列举虽然都没有提到“当”“如果”之类的连词，但是均选用if从句，这具有相当的启发意义。“不要庸人自扰”用let oneself off the hook。 “耳目一新”即gain renewal。

Page 132，英译汉

词组译法

• avian influenza 禽流感

• have some capability to do sth. 具有某种能力

• a flu pandemic 大规模流感

• the weak and vulnerable 弱势群体

• a culture of life 维护生命的文化

• human embryos 人体胚胎

• Fatalities死亡

• Health authority卫生官员

• Strive to build a culture of life努力建设维护生命的文化

• Medical research医学研发

• Develop treatments and cures研发治疗手段和药物

句式连接

段落一

The largest outbreak of avian influenza ever to occur has been causing sickness and death among the birds in Southeast Asia since late 2003. The H5N1 influenza virus that has caused the death or destruction of more than 150 million birds now has appeared in areas as distant from Southeast Asia as Turkey and Croatia. The virus also has some capability to infect humans with 121 cases reported in four nations resulting in 62 fatalities. Health authorities warn that if the virus becomes contagious among humans a flu pandemic could result with the potential to cause millions of deaths globally.

参考译文

自2003年年底以来，东南亚地区爆发了有史以来规模最大的禽流感，导致大批禽鸟染病或死亡。H5N1型流感病毒已造成超过1.5亿只禽鸟死亡或遭扑杀，现在看来已经传播到与东南亚地区相距遥远的土耳其和克罗地亚等地。这种病毒还具有某种导致人体感染的能力。已有4个国家呈报了121个人体感染的病例，其中62人已经死亡。卫生官员警告说，病毒一旦开始在人体间传播，就可能引发大规模流感，并有可能在全球各地造成数百万人死亡。

解析

• 口译时最大的难点在于听不懂avian influenza或是漏听了一些关键信息——如数字、年份、地名。全段听完根据意思可猜测到话题，新闻体相对难翻译。英语的主语是the largest outbreak，但译成中文里却表达的动词的意味，因此需要根据全句作出相应调整，更换中文的主语。对H5N1造成的影响处理为定语从句，主句还是表达“现在”的状况。最后一句用with表示伴随（产生的结果/影响）。

段落二

And I thank the Congress for doubling the funding of the National Institutes of Health. To build a culture of life we must also ensure that scientific advances always serve human dignity not take advantage of some lives for the benefits of others. I will work with Congress to ensure that human embryos are not created for experimentation or grown for body parts and that human life is never bought or sold as a commodity.

参考译文

我感谢国会把给国家卫生院的拨款提高了一倍。为了建设维护生命的文化，我们也必须确保科学的进步始终维护人的尊严，而不是以一些生命为代价使另一些生命受益。我将与国会共同努力，确保不因试验或身体器官需要而生产人体胚胎，确保人的生命永远不会被当作商品贩卖。

解析

• To 动词原形 表目的，翻译时顺句驱动即可。最后一句是要快速调整语序，human embryos是宾语从句的主语，但是到中文里，从句的谓语以及其后的部分都成了修饰embryos的成分。

• is measured by. ….是衡量的标准

• Double the fund 将拨款提高一倍

背景知识

H5N1为RNA病毒。H5N1是禽流感的一种亚型。流感病毒颗粒外腊由两型表面糖蛋白覆盖，一型为植物血凝素（即H），一型为神经氨酸酶（即N），H又分16个亚型，N分9个亚型。所有人类的流感病毒都可以引起禽类流感，但不是所有的禽流感病毒都可以引起人类流感， 现在已经确认能够感染人的禽流感病毒共有8种，包括H5N1、H5N2、H7N2、H7N3、H7N7、H9N2、H10N7，以及最近的H7N9。.其中H5为高致病性，H5N1为卫生部新传染病防治法中规定报告的法定传染病，又称人感染高致病性禽流感。禽类流感根据其致病性可分为高致病性和低致病性。H5N1为高致病性禽流感病毒。

Page 132-133，汉译英

词组译法

• 医疗信息学 health/medical informatics

• 相当普遍但不准确的观念 rather popular yet inaccurate perception

• 同行 counterparts in the field

• 临床的，诊所的 clinical

• 临床医生 clinician

• 看诊 (medical) consultation

• 药房，医务室 dispensary

• 为…省力 save the effort of

• 书写，笔迹 penmanship

• 一站式 one-stop

• …对…不陌生 be no stranger to

• 保密 confidentiality

• 大文件的数字影像 digital image of huge file size

• 提倡、拥护、鼓吹 advocate

• 平台 interface=platform

• 健康中国之门 Healthy China Portal

• 统计数据（复数形式）statistics

• 电子渠道 e-channel

• 传播 disseminate=spread

• 健康科普 health literacy

• 促进facilitate=promote

• 确定内容 finalise the content

• 合作伙伴 collaborating partner

• 影像存储通信系统Picture Archiving and Communication System

• 病房 ward

• 易于接受新技术 be receptive to new technology

• 电信研究项目 telecommunication research project

• 国外同行overseas counterpart

• 看诊结果和处方observations and prescriptions

• 医管局Hospital Authority

• 中央临床管理系统employ Central Clinical Management System，CMS

• 数据处理和共享data processing and data sharing

• 医疗服务health service medical service

• 推动电子医疗事业promote e-health

• 私人诊所的医生Doctors in private practices private clinic

• 液晶显示器LCD monitors (Liquid crystal display)

• 轻点鼠标 a click of mouse

句式连接

段落一

我觉得如今在公众当中仍有一种相当普遍但并不准确的观念，即我们还没在医疗服务领域充分利用信息技术。至少人们认为我们做的不如国外同行多。

参考译文

It seems to me that today there’s still a rather popular yet inaccurate perception among the public that we have not capitalized the use of IT in the health service sector. At least people feel that we are not doing as much as our overseas counterparts.

解析

• Concept 概念、观念、思想，侧重于客观的概念（用在该句不合适）E.X. It is difficult to grasp the concept of infinite space.

• Conception 观念、思想、见解；设想、构思，侧重于主观的观念、理解（可用在该句）E.X. He’s got a pretty strange conception of friendship.

• Perception 感觉、知觉；理解力、洞察力，侧重于主观的感觉、理解

• Capitalize作“利用”讲时为不及物动词，作capitalize onE.X. He capitalized on his mistake and won the game.

段落二

卫生属卫生防护中心积极提倡民众应接触互联网。

参考译文

The Center for Health Protection of the Department of Health has been a keen advocate in empowering the public with the power of the Internet.

解析

• 汉语是以动词为主导的语体，而英语是名词为主导的语体，在汉译英时注意动词名词话，在英译汉时注意名词动词化，能使译文更自然流畅。

段落三

由卫生署建立的健康之门系统将成为一个一站式的电子渠道，可向卫生专业人员、卫生促进合作者和公众宣传卫生信息，并便于主要合作者共同促进民众的卫生知识普及情况。

参考译文

The Health Portal System which is being built by the Health Department will be a one-stop e-channel to disseminate health information to health professionals health promotion partners and the public and to facilitate collaboration with key partners for the improvement of health literacy in China.

解析

• Literacy 识字、有文化

  an adult-literacy campaign 成人扫盲运动

  Computer-literacy 计算机基本知识

• Illiteracy 不识字、文盲

  在公众中普及卫生知识 improve health literacy among the public/Raise the public’s health literacy level

  Improve literacy (rate) 改善受教育情况

  Reduce illiteracy (rate) 降低文盲率

  Improve literacy skills 提高读写技能

段落四

我们正在采取积极措施来确定最终的内容、合作伙伴和基金配置。

参考译文

Active steps are being taken to finalize the contents the collaborating partners and funding arrangement.

解析

• 汉语是主动式语体结构，被动结构通常表示不好、被迫的含义，而英语是被动是语体结构，人较少作为主语。因此在汉译英时应该注意将主动式语体结构变为被动式语体结构，反之亦然。

段落五

卫生署卫生防护中心积极提倡民众接触互联网，如今，互联网已经成为许多民众了解卫生促进项目的一大主要界面，其中一个名叫“健康中之门”的项目是一个卫生署公众卫生信息系统支持的卫生统计资料收藏网站。

参考译文

In fact，the Center for Health Protection of the Health Department has been a keen advocate in empowering the public with the power of Internet which has become a key interface for many of the health promotion program such as Healthy China Portal which is a web-based trove of health statistics supported by the Public Health Information system of Department.

段落六

卫生署建立的健康之门系统将会成为一个一站式的电子渠道，向卫生专业人员、卫生促进合作者和公众宣传卫生信息，并便于主要合作者共同促进民众的卫生知识普及情况。我们正采取积极措施来确定最终的内容、合作伙伴和基金配置。

参考译文

The Healthy Portal System，which is being built by the Department of Health，will be a one-stop e-channel to disseminate health information to health professionals health promotion partners and the public and to facilitate collaboration with key partners for improvement of health literacy in China. Active steps are being taken to finalise the contents the collaborating partners and funding arrangement.

段落七

医管局对科技也不陌生。各家公立医院都在应用医疗影像存储与通信系统，这一系统的开发令大量大文件的数字影像可以通过电子形式进行存储、转移和抽取。临床医师在普通病房内也可以查阅病人的影像，将诊疗过程中的人为错位降至最低。

参考译文

The HA is no stranger to technology as well. The development of the PACS or the Picture Archiving and Communication System technology which is being used among public hospitals allow a vast amount of digital images of huge files size to be stored transferred and retrieve electronically. It also enables clinicians to review patient images via ordinary clinical workstations in wards and minimizes manual errors during the process.

段落八

当然，随着事情的进一步发展，会出现一些关于信息保密性和隐私方面的道德和法律问题，但这些都不会阻止我们勇攀创新高峰，探寻可能给病人带来希望同时又能保护他们尊严和隐私的新想法。

参考译文

Of course there would be ethical and legal issues in respect of confidentiality of information and privacy which may arise when things develop but that should not stop us from braving innovative ideas which could bring hope to our patients and at the same time safeguard their dignity and privacy.

Page 133-134，英译汉

词组译法

• sedentary 久坐的，静坐不动的

• minimally 最低限度的，最低程度的

• abound 大量存在，富于，充满；abound in/with ＝ be rich in

• flab 赘肉；肥肉

• all for naught 徒劳，无用

• insulin 胰岛素

• relieve both depression and anxiety 缓解抑郁心情和焦虑情绪

• diabetes 糖尿病 chronic disease慢性病（急性病 acute disease）

• arthritis 关节炎 asthma 哮喘 high cholesterol 高胆固醇

• rheumatism:风湿病 angina 心绞痛、喉咙痛 high blood sugar/hyperglycemia 高血糖

• osteoporosis 骨质疏松

• panacea 灵丹妙药、万能药≈elixir 长生不老药、万能药、炼金药（液体）

• moderate-intensity exercise 中强度运动

• high-intensity exercise/ work at a very high intensity 高强度运动

• vigorous exercise 大量运动

• nursing home 养老院，疗养院

• frail 脆弱的、虚弱的

• strength-training 体力训练

• inactive people 运动很少的人 minimally active 运动量很少

句式连接

段落一

Getting Americans off the couch and onto their feet could save an estimated 200 000 lives a year. Yet most of us are either sedentary or only minimally active. Confusion may keep many couch potatoes from getting into shape. People will ask questions like how often should I exercise? Does it have to be 30 minutes straight? Do I need to go to the gym? Still in a world where magazines videos and friends may give conflicting advice misunderstanding abounds.

参考译文

如果美国人离开躺椅站起身来运动，一年就约有20万人不会丢了性命。可是大多数人要么呆坐着，要么运动量极少。许多人对一些问题弄不明白，于是赖在椅子上不去锻炼。他们总是问：我该多久去锻炼一次？要一口气练上30分钟吗？我非要去健身馆吗？而身边的杂志、音像、朋友们都建议不一，更令得误解丛生。

解析

• 本段中原文有7句话，出现了3中不同类型的主语：动名词（getting Americans off the couch..）、人（us I ）、形容词性质的名词/形容状况的名词（confusion misunderstanding)，而译文大多数从人的角度出发，以人做主语。体现了英文注重多样性表达的特点，同时在汉译英的过程中，也可以采取不同的主语表达，避免句式过于单一。

段落二

What gets most people off the couch and into their walking shoes? It’s that unwanted flab that motivates most of us. It shouldn’t. Many people don’t see immediate weight loss and say it’s all for naught and stop. In fact exercise has a laundry list of benefits. Among them it improves the ability of insulin to enter cells so it lowers the risk of diabetes. And it also lowers the risks of heart disease.

参考译文

是什么让大多数人离开椅子，穿上跑鞋？多半是身上那非请即来的赘肉。这种想法可不对。许多人看到体重没有马上下降，就说锻炼一点用也没有，便停了下来。事实上，锻炼可有一长串好处。比如，它提高胰岛素进入细胞的能力，从而降低患糖尿病的危险，它也降低得心脏病的风险。

解析

• immediate weight loss译为“体重（没有）马上下降”，由英文短语adj n n转化为中文subject adv v小分句，符合中文表达习惯

段落三

Exercise alters not only your risk of disease but your quality of life. One study shows that exerciseimprove sleep in people with sleep dysfunction that is people who take a long time to fall asleep or who wake up frequently at night. The psychological benefits of exercise are frequently overlooked. Exercise isn’t a panacea but it has consistently been shown to relieve both depression and anxiety.

参考译文

运动不仅降低得病的风险，而且提高生活质量。一项研究发现，运动让睡眠机能失调的人，即那些花很长时间才能入睡或夜间频频醒来的人，睡眠得以改善。运动对心理的益处老是被忽略。虽说运动不是灵丹妙药，但它总是能缓解抑郁心情和焦虑情绪。

解析

• alter: to change or make different; modify“改变”，中性词，译为中文按照上下文灵活译为“降低”“提高”两个词。

• sleep dysfunction：睡眠障碍，睡眠机能失调

• 其他有关睡眠的词汇：insomnia 失眠，失眠症；narcolepsy嗜睡症；somnambulism/sleepwalking 梦游症

段落四

Another misunderstanding is that many people still believe that you have to work at a very high intensity in order to get a benefit. In fact moderate-intensity exercise lowers the risk of dying just as much as high-intensity exercise. For example women who regularly engaged in brisk walking reduced their risk of heart disease to the same degree as women who engaged in vigorous exercise. You don’t need to run a marathon. The trick is making sure that the exercise it at least moderate-intensity that is equivalent to walking at a pace of three to four miles an hour. High-intensity exercise does have one advantage: it saves time. It takes less time to burn the same number of calories at higher intensity.

参考译文

人们还常常错认为运动要见成效必须高强度。事实上，中强度运动与高强度运动一样降低死亡的风险。比如，走路总是轻快的女性与大量运动的女性相比，心脏病发作率一样低。没必要去参加马拉松。有一点确定的是，运动至少得中等强度，即相当于每小时走上3至4英里的路。高强度运动的确有一好处：省时。在更少的时间内以更高的强度燃烧同等数目的卡路里。

解析

• Another misunderstanding is that many people still believe that….译文：“人们错认为”，比起直译“另一个误解是很多人仍然认为”更加简洁。

段落五

Still many people would fear they’re too old to start an exercise program. They think it’s unsafebecause they have heart disease or diabetes or because they are too out of shape to start. Remember you‟re never too old to start. In one study the participants were frail nursing-home residents whose ages ranged from 72 to 98. After just ten weeks strength-training improve their muscle strength ability to climb stairs and walking speed. When the participants see what a difference it makes they’re thrilled. The same goes for people with chronic disease. For example people say they can’t exercise because they have arthritis but we see some of the greatest benefits in people with arthritis. Exercise reduces pain and increases range of motion strength and mobility.

参考译文

还有许多人担心自己年纪太大无法开始运动。他们想自己有心脏病有糖尿病或者身材太不像样，运动的话不安全。只要开始，再晚也不迟。在一项研究中，参与运动的都是养老院风烛残年的老人，年纪从72到98不等。10周后，体力训练增强了肌肉力量，爬楼梯的能力和走路的速度也提高了。当他们看到自己前后判若两人，都激动不已。那些得慢性病的人也一样。比如，有人说他们有哮喘不能锻炼，但我们看到运动对哮喘病人最有益。痛苦减轻，活动范围、强度和灵活性都有所提高。

解析

• out of shape

  (of an object) not having its usual or original shape especially after being bent or knocked:

  (of a person) in poor physical condition; unfit. (out of condition)

  可见，除了走形，该词译为“身体状况不佳”之意，更符合上下文。另外，out of shape与段落一出现的“get into shape”（锻炼身体，使身体好起来）对应。

  The same goes for: …也一样；

段落六

That doesn’t mean that anyone can plunge into a bout of vigorous exercise regardless of health

history. In a recent study ordinarily inactive people—especially men who had high cholesterol or

angina or were smokers or obese—were ten times more likely to have a heart attack within a hour of exerting themselves (usually by jogging or heavy lifting) than at other times.

参考译文

这并不意味着任何人不管身体何等状况都能开始积极锻炼。最近的一项研究表明，平时运动很少的人——特别是高胆固醇者、心绞痛病人、吸烟者和肥胖人士——在一个小时运动后（通常是慢跑和举重），罹患心脏病的几率是其他时候的十倍。

解析

• bout：一场、一阵、一个回合

• a bout of illness/flu/disease: 一场病、流感、病毒

• plunge into: 投入，跳入，突然或仓促地开始做某事

段落七

As for the all-too-common “I don’t have time to exercise” somehow you’ve got to make

the time or you’re going to have medical problems like heart disease diabetes or

osteoporosis. And it will take a lot of more time to deal with them than it takes to exercise..

参考译文

对那句太过平常的话，“我没时间锻炼”，不管怎样，你得找出时间，不然身体就要出问题了，像心脏病、糖尿病或骨质疏松。治病可比锻炼要多花更多的时间。

解析

• all too 实在，太

• make the time 找出时间

补充

本文出现了许多有关“一样”的表达，可参考学习

• A does(causes lead to) B just as much/to the same degree as C：A与B一样（能够达成C）

  例子A In fact moderate-intensity exercise lowers the risk of dying just as much as

  high-intensity exercise. 事实上，中强度运动与高强度运动一样降低死亡的风险。

  例子B For example women who regularly engaged in brisk walking reduced their risk of

  heart disease to the same degree as women who engaged in vigorous exercise.

  比如，走路总是轻快的女性与大量运动的女性相比，心脏病发作率一样低。

• equivalent to：相当于

  The trick is making sure that the exercise is at least moderate-intensity that is equivalent to

  walking at a pace of three to four miles an hour.

  有一点确定的是，运动至少得中等强度，即相当于每小时走上3至4英里的路。

• The same goes for…. ：对….也一样The same goes for people with chronic disease. 那些得慢性病的人也一样。

ScalersTalkID:scalerstalk

本微信公众号作者Scalers，游走在口译世界的IT从业者。微信公众号ScalersTalk，网站ScalersTalk.com，口译100小时训练计划群C 456036104




成长会是由Scalers发起的面向成长、实践行动，且凝聚了来自全球各地各行各业从业者的社群。有意入会者请和Scalers直接联系，我和其他会员会和你直接交流关于成长行动等各方面的经验教训。2016年成长会持续招募中，参见做能说会写的持续行动者：ScalersTalk成长会2016年会员计划介绍(2016.3更新)