初中英语语法宾语从句10分钟试讲(初中英语语法宾语从句详解)
初中英语语法宾语从句10分钟试讲(初中英语语法宾语从句详解)I don’t think (that) he can give a speech at the meeting. 我认为他不会在会上发言的。【拓展2】当主句谓语动词是 think believe suppose expect 等词,而宾语从句的意思是否定时,常把否定转移至主句表示。No one told Jack (that) there would be a class meeting the next day. 没有人告诉杰克第二天有班会。Little Tom was afraid (that) he couldn’t pass the exam. 小汤米担心这次考试不及格。【拓展1】可跟that从句做宾语的动词有:say think wish hope imagine wonder know believe agree explain feel suggest
宾语从句(一)
在句子中起到宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句。宾语从句是名词性从句的一种,在主从复合句中充当宾语,一般位于及物动词、介词或复合谓语之后。宾语从句一般分为三类:动词的宾语从句,介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句。学好宾语从句,首先掌握以下两个要点。
一、 that引导的宾语从句(在非正式场合that可以省略)that在从句中没有实在意思,只起到连接作用。
She said (that) she was too busy to go to your concert. 她说她太忙了而不能参加你的音乐会。
No one told Jack (that) there would be a class meeting the next day. 没有人告诉杰克第二天有班会。
Little Tom was afraid (that) he couldn’t pass the exam. 小汤米担心这次考试不及格。
【拓展1】可跟that从句做宾语的动词有:say think wish hope imagine wonder know believe agree explain feel suggest hear mean notice等。
【拓展2】当主句谓语动词是 think believe suppose expect 等词,而宾语从句的意思是否定时,常把否定转移至主句表示。
I don’t think (that) he can give a speech at the meeting. 我认为他不会在会上发言的。
二、 宾语从句的时态
1.主句是一般现在时,从句根据实际情况使用任何时态。
The worker says (that) he works from Monday to Friday.那名工人说他从周一至周五上班。(从句是一般现在时)
John says (that) he will leave a message on his desk. 约翰说要在他桌子上留个便条。(从句是一般将来时)
2.主句是过去时态,从句须用过去时态的某种形式。
He told me that he didn’t go to the library yesterday. 他告诉我他昨天没去图书馆。(从句是一般过去时)
He said (that) he was playing football at that time. 他说他那时在踢足球。(从句是过去进行时)
3.当宾语从句表示的是一个客观真理或者事实时,即使主句是过去时,从句也用一般现在时态。
The teacher told us (that) nothing is difficult if we put our hearts into it. 老师告诉我们世上无难事 只怕有心人。
宾语从句(二)
if或whether引导的宾语从句用法由连接词if或whether引导的宾语从句,实际上是一般疑问句演变而来的,意思是“是否”。且if或whether引导的宾语从句要用陈述句语序。
一般说来,在宾语从句中whether与if可以互换使用。
I wonder whether /if they will help me with my English.我想知道他是否帮助我学英语。
I’m not sure whether/ if I m I’ll have time to visit the museum.我很难说我们是否有时间参观博物馆。
但是下列情况下,if与whether不能互换使用。
1. 在介词后面只能用whether,不能用if。
It depends on whether he is ready. 这件事要看他是否有准备。
I’m not interested in whether you’ll come or not. 你来不来我不感兴趣。
2. 在动词不定式之前,只能用whether,不能用if。
We decided whether to go for apicnic. 我们决定是否去吃野餐。
3. 在动词discuss后的宾语从句中,只能用whether,不能用if。
We discussed whether we should make a trip plan. 我们讨论了是不是要制定旅游计划。
4. 直接与or not连用时用whether,不能用if。
I can’t say whether or not they can arrive in Beijing on time. 我不能说他们是否能准时到达北京。
【拓展】只能用if不能用whether的情况if引导条件状语从句,意为“如果”。
They’ll go on a picnic if it doesn’t rain tomorrow. 如果明天不下雨,他们将去野餐。
even if相当于even though,引导状语从句时,意为“尽管”;as if引导状语从句时,意为“好像”。
Even if it’s dark the farmers are still working in the field.尽管天晚了,农民们还在田野里劳动。
宾语从句(三)
特殊疑问句引导宾语从句的“五要素”
要素一: 在引导词上,要将疑问代词who/ whose/what/ which或疑问副词when/ where / why/ how变为连接代词或连接副词,来引导宾语从句。如:
Whose bike is this? Can you tell me?
→ Can you tell me whose bike this is?
你能告诉我这是谁的自行车吗?
要素二: 宾语从句的时态应与主句的时态保持一致。
When will the train arrive at the railway station? He asked me.
→ He asked me when the train would arrive at the railway station. 他问火车什么时候到达火车站。
【注意】特殊疑问句变为宾语从句后,句末用问号还是用句号完全取决于主句的句式:如主句为陈述句、祈使句,句末就用句号;如主句是疑问句,句末就用问号。
考点探究:
I don’t know when the concert will start tonight. 我不知道 音乐会今晚什么时候开始。
Do you know when the concert will start tonight? 你知道音乐会今晚什么时候开始?
要素三: 特殊疑问句在宾语从句中,其语序上要改为陈述句语序。
Which subject do you like best? He asked me. → He asked me which subject I liked best.
他问我最喜欢哪门学科。
【温馨提示】疑问句中主语之前的助动词若是 do/does /did,变为宾语从句时,要先将其去掉,谓语动词再根据时态作相应的变化。
Why did you come to the party late yesterday? Can you tell me?
→ Can you tell me why you came to the party late yesterday?
你能告诉我你昨天为什么参加晚会迟到了?
要素四:特殊疑问词在句中作主语,变为宾语从句时语序不变(时态应作相应变化)。
Who can answer the question? The teacher asked.
→ The teacher asked who could answer the question. 老师问谁能回答
这个问题。
要素五:特殊疑问句在宾语从句中,要是主从句人称一致,一般可将宾语从句复合句改为简单句。如:
I wonder how I can send an e-mail to you.
→ I wonder how to send an e-mail to you. 我想知道如何给你发个电子邮件。
宾语从句(四)
一、宾语从句中的时态
主句中的谓语动词是一般现在时,宾语从句中的时态不受影响。主句中的谓语动词是一般过去时,宾语从句则使用相应的过去时态。
e.g. I think that I can sell newspapers.
我想我可以卖报纸。
I think I should have a talk with her.
我想我应该和她谈一谈。
I heard you had a bad cold. 我听说你得了重感冒。
【注意】1.如果宾语从句所表达的内容是客观真理和客观事实,从句中动词的时态不受主句中谓语动词时态的限制。
e.g. The teacher said that the earth moves round the sun.老师说地球绕着太阳转。
2.当动词所表示的状态或动作在引述时仍在继续,从句中动词的时态不受主句中谓语动词时态的限制。
e.g. She also saidmany famous models are going there to model the clothes.
她还说很多名模将会去那里进行时装表演。
She said that the show starts at 10:30 tomorrow morning. 她说时装秀明早十点半开始。
He said he is forty. 他说他四十岁了。
二、学习宾语从句还应注意以下几点
1.当宾语从句跟在动词think believe suppose,expect等表示“想,相信,认为”等的动词后边时,如果从句是否定含义,则不用否定形式,而将主句谓语动词think等变为否定形式,即“否定前移”。
e.g. I don’t think you are right. 我想你是不对的。
I don’t believe he can finish the work on time.
我认为他不能按时完成工作。
2.在think believe imagine suppose guess hope 等动词以及I’m afraid 等后,可用so代替一个肯定的宾语从句,用not代替一个否定的宾语从句。
e.g. —Do you believe he will come? 你相信他会来吗?
—I believe so. 我相信会。
—I don’t believe so. (或I believe not.) 我相信不会。
3.许多带复合宾语的句子中,that引导的宾语从句经常移到句子后面,而且用it作形式宾语。
e.g. We think it wrong that he told a lie to everyone.我们认为他对每一个人都说谎是错误的。
We thought it a pity that she missed the chance.我们认为她错过这个机会是一个遗憾。