sqlserver两个字段如何合并（Server将多行数据合并为一行）
sqlserver两个字段如何合并（Server将多行数据合并为一行）
一、引言现实工作中，有一些很特别的需求：在一个汇总表中，需要显示明细数据。因为是在汇总表中，所以明细数据只能显示在某一列中，这个列，就是多行数据合并为一行之后的结果。
二、测试数据
CREATE TABLE [dbo].[Score]
(
[ID] [varchar] (32) COLLATE Chinese_PRC_CI_AS NULL
[Name] [VARCHAR] (20) COLLATE Chinese_PRC_CI_AS NULL
[Subject] [varchar] (20) COLLATE Chinese_PRC_CI_AS NULL
[Value] [numeric] (4 1) NULL
) ON [PRIMARY]
GO
INSERT INTO SCORE ([ID] [NAME] [SUBJECT] [VALUE]) VALUES ('1001' '张三' '语文' 86)
INSERT INTO SCORE ([ID] [NAME] [SUBJECT] [VALUE]) VALUES ('1001' '张三' '数学' 88)
INSERT INTO SCORE ([ID] [NAME] [SUBJECT] [VALUE]) VALUES ('1002' '李四' '语文' 89)
INSERT INTO SCORE ([ID] [NAME] [SUBJECT] [VALUE]) VALUES ('1002' '李四' '数学' 90)
代码如下：
SELECT ID [NAME]
STUFF
(
(
SELECT ' ' [SUBJECT] ':' CAST([VALUE] AS VARCHAR(MAX))
FROM SCORE
WHERE (ID=Result.ID)
FOR XML PATH('') TYPE).value('(./text())[1]' 'VARCHAR(MAX)'
) 1 1 ''
) AS NameValues
FROM SCORE Result
GROUP BY ID [NAME]
ORDER BY ID
GROUP_CONCAT并非SQL Server自带函数，本文使用的是来源于网络自由软件创建的托管代码。GroupConcatInstallation.SQL为函数安装，GroupConcatUninstallation.sql为函数卸载。
/*
GROUP_CONCAT string aggregate for SQL Server - https://groupconcat.codeplex.com
Copyright (C) 2011 Orlando Colamatteo
This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation either version 3 of the License or
any later version.
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
GNU General Public License for more details.
See http://www.gnu.org/licenses/ for a copy of the GNU General Public
License.
*/
/*
Installation script for GROUP_CONCAT functions. Tested in SSMS 2008R2.
*/
SET NOCOUNT ON ;
GO
-- !! MODIFY TO SUIT YOUR TEST ENVIRONMENT !!
--USE GroupConcatTest
GO
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Turn advanced options on
EXEC sys.sp_configure @configname = 'show advanced options' @configvalue = 1 ;
GO
RECONFIGURE WITH OVERRIDE ;
GO
-- Enable CLR
EXEC sys.sp_configure @configname = 'clr enabled' @configvalue = 1 ;
GO
RECONFIGURE WITH OVERRIDE ;
GO
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SET ANSI_NULLS ANSI_PADDING ANSI_WARNINGS ARITHABORT QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON;
SET CONCAT_NULL_YIELDS_NULL NUMERIC_ROUNDABORT OFF;
GO
IF EXISTS (SELECT * FROM tempdb..sysobjects WHERE id=OBJECT_ID('tempdb..#tmpErrors')) DROP TABLE #tmpErrors
GO
CREATE TABLE #tmpErrors (Error int)
GO
SET XACT_ABORT ON
GO
SET TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL READ COMMITTED
GO
BEGIN TRANSACTION
GO
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PRINT N'Creating [GroupConcat]...';
GO
CREATE ASSEMBLY [GroupConcat]
AUTHORIZATION [dbo]
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WITH PERMISSION_SET = SAFE;
GO
IF @@ERROR <> 0
AND @@TRANCOUNT > 0
BEGIN
ROLLBACK;
END
IF @@TRANCOUNT = 0
BEGIN
INSERT INTO #tmpErrors (Error)
VALUES (1);
BEGIN TRANSACTION;
END
GO
EXEC sys.sp_addextendedproperty
@name = N'URL'
@value = N'http://groupconcat.codeplex.com'
@level0type = N'ASSEMBLY'
@level0name = N'GroupConcat'
GO
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PRINT N'Creating [dbo].[GROUP_CONCAT_D]...';
GO
CREATE AGGREGATE [dbo].[GROUP_CONCAT_D](@VALUE NVARCHAR (4000) @DELIMITER NVARCHAR (4))
RETURNS NVARCHAR (MAX)
EXTERNAL NAME [GroupConcat].[GroupConcat.GROUP_CONCAT_D];
GO
IF @@ERROR <> 0
AND @@TRANCOUNT > 0
BEGIN
ROLLBACK;
END
IF @@TRANCOUNT = 0
BEGIN
INSERT INTO #tmpErrors (Error)
VALUES (1);
BEGIN TRANSACTION;
END
GO
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PRINT N'Creating [dbo].[GROUP_CONCAT_S]...';
GO
CREATE AGGREGATE [dbo].[GROUP_CONCAT_S](@VALUE NVARCHAR (4000) @SORT_ORDER TINYINT)
RETURNS NVARCHAR (MAX)
EXTERNAL NAME [GroupConcat].[GroupConcat.GROUP_CONCAT_S];
GO
IF @@ERROR <> 0
AND @@TRANCOUNT > 0
BEGIN
ROLLBACK;
END
IF @@TRANCOUNT = 0
BEGIN
INSERT INTO #tmpErrors (Error)
VALUES (1);
BEGIN TRANSACTION;
END
GO
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PRINT N'Creating [dbo].[GROUP_CONCAT_DS]...';
GO
CREATE AGGREGATE [dbo].[GROUP_CONCAT_DS](@VALUE NVARCHAR (4000) @DELIMITER NVARCHAR (4) @SORT_ORDER TINYINT)
RETURNS NVARCHAR (MAX)
EXTERNAL NAME [GroupConcat].[GroupConcat.GROUP_CONCAT_DS];
GO
IF @@ERROR <> 0
AND @@TRANCOUNT > 0
BEGIN
ROLLBACK;
END
IF @@TRANCOUNT = 0
BEGIN
INSERT INTO #tmpErrors (Error)
VALUES (1);
BEGIN TRANSACTION;
END
GO
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PRINT N'Creating [dbo].[GROUP_CONCAT]...';
GO
CREATE AGGREGATE [dbo].[GROUP_CONCAT](@VALUE NVARCHAR (4000))
RETURNS NVARCHAR (MAX)
EXTERNAL NAME [GroupConcat].[GroupConcat.GROUP_CONCAT];
GO
IF @@ERROR <> 0
AND @@TRANCOUNT > 0
BEGIN
ROLLBACK;
END
IF @@TRANCOUNT = 0
BEGIN
INSERT INTO #tmpErrors (Error)
VALUES (1);
BEGIN TRANSACTION;
END
GO
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
IF EXISTS (SELECT * FROM #tmpErrors) ROLLBACK TRANSACTION
GO
IF @@TRANCOUNT>0 BEGIN
PRINT N'The transacted portion of the database update succeeded.'
COMMIT TRANSACTION
END
ELSE PRINT N'The transacted portion of the database update failed.'
GO
DROP TABLE #tmpErrors
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
GO
/*
GROUP_CONCAT string aggregate for SQL Server - https://groupconcat.codeplex.com
Copyright (C) 2011 Orlando Colamatteo
This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation either version 3 of the License or
any later version.
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
GNU General Public License for more details.
See http://www.gnu.org/licenses/ for a copy of the GNU General Public
License.
*/
/*
Uninstallation script for GROUP_CONCAT functions. Tested in SSMS 2008R2.
*/
SET NOCOUNT ON ;
GO
-- !! MODIFY TO SUIT YOUR TEST ENVIRONMENT !!
--USE TEST
GO
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
IF EXISTS ( SELECT *
FROM sys.objects
WHERE object_id = OBJECT_ID(N'[dbo].[GROUP_CONCAT]')
AND type = N'AF' )
DROP AGGREGATE [dbo].[GROUP_CONCAT]
GO
IF EXISTS ( SELECT *
FROM sys.objects
WHERE object_id = OBJECT_ID(N'[dbo].[GROUP_CONCAT_D]')
AND type = N'AF' )
DROP AGGREGATE [dbo].[GROUP_CONCAT_D]
GO
IF EXISTS ( SELECT *
FROM sys.objects
WHERE object_id = OBJECT_ID(N'[dbo].[GROUP_CONCAT_DS]')
AND type = N'AF' )
DROP AGGREGATE [dbo].[GROUP_CONCAT_DS]
GO
IF EXISTS ( SELECT *
FROM sys.objects
WHERE object_id = OBJECT_ID(N'[dbo].[GROUP_CONCAT_S]')
AND type = N'AF' )
DROP AGGREGATE [dbo].[GROUP_CONCAT_S]
GO
IF EXISTS ( SELECT *
FROM sys.assemblies asms
WHERE asms.name = N'GroupConcat'
AND is_user_defined = 1 )
DROP ASSEMBLY [GroupConcat]
GO
代码如下：
SELECT ID [NAME] dbo.GROUP_CONCAT([SUBJECT] ':' CAST([VALUE] AS VARCHAR(MAX))) AS NameValues
FROM SCORE
GROUP BY ID [NAME]
ORDER BY ID四、运行结果
