平均寿命经济学（外刊精读Day18）
平均寿命经济学（外刊精读Day18）striking 惊人的estimated 估计的mortality 致死率across-the-board 全面的retains 保留
原文刊登于《Scientific American》（2018.04.10）
①Among several key health measures including disease prevalence mortality years of life lost and risk factors the new study highlightsstate-by-state life expectancy estimates from 1990 and 2016. ②These data show an across-the-board improvement in life expectancy during this period as well as changes in how states rank relative to one another. ③Hawaii retains the top ranking boasting an estimated life expectancy of 81.3 years—up from 78.5 in 1990—whereas the lowest spot previously held by Washington D.C. is now occupied by Mississippi where the 2016 estimate only saw a rise to 74.7. ④In astriking improvement D.C. now ranks 36th their life expectancy having jumped by nearly 10 years between 1990 and 2016.
单词实记prevalence 普遍性
mortality 致死率
across-the-board 全面的
retains 保留
estimated 估计的
striking 惊人的
熟词僻义measure 常见意思为“测量，措施”；但在此处其意思是“指标”；
highlights 本意为“亮点”，此处作动词，表示“强调”；
life expectancy expectancy一般理解作“预期”，但是与life搭配，通常翻译为“平均寿命”；
boast 本意为“吹嘘”，但是在书面语中常可表示“骄傲地拥有”；’
难句剖析1.These data show an across-the-board improvement in life expectancy during this period as well as changes in how states rank relative to one another.
此句主干为“These data show an improvement as well as changes relative to one another”，整个句式是“SVOC” 即“sth show A as well as B relative to one another”，意思是“数据表明A与B是有关联的”；as well as表明这是个并列成分，后面的changes与前面的improvement并列，change后面是介词短语作状语，里面有一个名词性从句“how states…”，表示“在……方面的变化”。
2.Hawaii retains the top ranking boasting an estimated life expectancy of 81.3 years—up from 78.5 in 1990—whereas the lowest spot previously held by Washington D.C. is now occupied by Mississippi where the 2016 estimate only saw a rise to 74.7.
此句为并列句。前半句主干为“Hawaii retains the top ranking”；后面跟着“boasting…”作状语;后半句主干为“whereas the lowest spot is now occupied by Mississippi”；“previously held by Washington D.C.”夹在中间作插入语；最后的“where the 2016…”为定语从句修饰Mississippi。
全文翻译在数个关键医疗指标（包括疾病广泛程度、死亡率、减寿年份以及威胁因素）中，新研究着重研究了1990年至2016年间的各州的平均寿命估计值。数据表明，在此期间平均寿命的全面提升和州与州之间的排名变化是有联系的。夏威夷一直高居榜首，平均寿命从1990年的78.5岁提高到了81.3岁。而之前垫底的华盛顿，却被密西西比取代了。密西西比的平均寿命只提高到了74.7岁。华盛顿上升迅猛，现在已经到了第36位，其平均寿命在1990到2016年间暴增了近10岁。
作业解答1.The GBD represents an ongoing effort by the University of Washington’s Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME) to quantify health disparities—part of an effort toward improving health systems around the world.
此句其实是一个简单句，但是后面的修饰语较多，故全句较长。中主干为“The GBD represents an effort”，后面的“by…”为方式状语;“for sb to do sth” 做某事对某人来说怎么样，常用于表示事物的特征特点。破折号后面是同位语，用来进一步说明前面不定式“to quantify health disparities”。
