延续性动词和非延续动词的转化(延续性动词与非延续性动词的相互转换)
延续性动词和非延续动词的转化(延续性动词与非延续性动词的相互转换)move搬,hear 听到,hear from 收到来信join 加入,receive 接收,borrow 借arrive/reach 到达,buy 买,close 关post 邮寄,fall 落下,die 死,leave 离开,go 去,break 打破,lose 丢失,give 给,
非延续性动词这类动词也可称为终止性动词、短暂性动词、瞬间动词、点动词,表示的动作不能延续,即动作发生后立即结束。
中文名非延续性动词英文名Non durative verbs
相关例子
这类动词有:
arrive/reach 到达,buy 买,close 关
post 邮寄,fall 落下,die 死,leave 离开,
go 去,break 打破,lose 丢失,give 给,
join 加入,receive 接收,borrow 借
move搬,hear 听到,hear from 收到来信
become 成为,begin/start 开始,finish 结束
marry 娶、嫁
用法特征
1.非延续性动词可用来表示某一动作完成,因此可用于现在完成时。如:
The train has arrived.火车到了。
Have you joined the computer group?你加入电脑小组了吗?
2.非延续性动词表示的动作极其短暂,不能持续。因此,不可与表示一段时间的状语连用(只限肯定式)。如:
(1)他已经死了三年了。
误:He has died for three years.
正:He has been dead for three years.
正:He died three years ago.
正:It is three years since he died.
正:Three years has passed since he died.
(2)他来这儿五天了。
误:He has come here for five days.
正:He has been here for five days.
正:He came here five days ago.
正:It is five days since he came here.
正:Five days has passed since he came here.
(1)、(2)句中的die、come为非延续性动词,不能与表示"段时间"的状语连用。那么,应如何正确表达呢?可以采用下面的四种方法:
(1)将句中非延续性动词转换为相应的延续性动词,如上面两例中的第一种正确表达方式。下面列举几例:leave→been away borrow→keep buy→have begin/start→be on die→be dead move to→live in finish→be over join→be in/be a member of open sth.→keep sth. open fall ill→be ill get up→be up catch a cold→have a cold。
(2)将句中表示"段时间"的状语改为表示过去确定时间的状语,如下面两例中的第二种正确表达方式。
(3)用句型"It is 段时间 since..."表达原意,如上面两例中的第三种正确表达方式。
(4)用句型"时间 has passed since..."表达原意,如上面两例中的第四种正确表达方式。
3.非延续性动词可用于现在完成时否定式中,成为可以延续的状态,因而可与表示一段时间的状语连用。如:
He hasn't left here since 1986.
I haven't heard from my father for two weeks.
4.非延续性动词的否定式与until/till连用,构成"not 终止性动词 until/till ..."的句型,意为"直到……才……"。如:
You can't leave here until I arrive.直到我到了,你才能离开这里。
I will not go to bed until I finish drawing the picture tonight.今天晚上直到我画完画,我才上床睡觉。
5.非延续性动词可以用于when引导的时间状语从句中,但不可以用于while引导的时间状语从句中。when表示的时间是"点时间"(从句谓语动词用终止性动词),也可以是"段时间"(从句谓语动词用延续性动词)。而while表示的是一个较长的时间或过程,从句谓语动词用延续性动词。如:
When we reached London it was twelve o'clock. (reach为非延续性动词)
Please look after my daughter while/when we are away. (be away为延续性动词短语)
6.非延续性动词完成时不可与how long连用(只限于肯定式)。如:
误:How long have you come here?
正:How long have you been here?
正:When did you come here
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