红楼梦最好的英文版(红楼梦好了歌英译欣赏)
红楼梦最好的英文版(红楼梦好了歌英译欣赏)‘Men all know that salvation should be won But with ambition won’t have done have done.Where are the famous ones of days gone by?In grassy graves they lie now every one.霍闵译本:带有上述对翻译的理解,我们来品味出自两种不同文化背景的《好了歌》英译。两种译本都可称是译坛的上乘之作,读者可尽享语言魅力的同时,可以感受到浓郁的文化气息。 下面请欣赏《好了歌》,如有感触或问题,欢迎共同探讨。世人都晓神仙好,惟有功名忘不了!古今将相在何方? 荒冢一堆草没了。
目前《红楼梦》最为人们颂好的英译本有两个,一个是英国的汉学家霍克思(David Hawkes)和闵福德(John Minford)的英译本,以下简称为霍闵译本,还有一个就是中国翻译家杨宪益和他的英籍夫人戴乃迭的译本,以下简称为杨戴译本。这两个译本我都有新版本,霍闵本是汉英双语,达五册之多;杨戴本为全英译本,也有4册。如图:
前面我有两个小短视频简介过《好了歌》所含的儒、道思想,现再发一篇小文欣赏红楼梦《好了歌》的英译,以供英语爱好者品鉴。译者霍闵是地道的外国人,他们致力于把红楼梦的故事讲给外国人听,其讲述红楼故事,是用外国人能理解的方式去译的《红楼梦》,以西方文化背景,因而翻译的东西外国人能一看就明白的,中国人可能会云里雾里。杨戴深谙中国文化,更为注重保留源语言的文化特征,有时可能因拘泥于句子的表征结构而使表达缺乏灵活性。霍闵译在用地道流畅的语言表达意思则更自如些,但对于源语言民族文化色彩的传达则略逊一筹。
“文化”一词可谓深广,涵盖一个社会的整个生活方式或一个民族的全部活动方式,包括该民族的思想体系、伦理道德、文学艺术、语言、社会制度、风俗习惯等。中国文化源远流长,博大精深,儒释道等各家学派各种思想的融合造就了中国文化底蕴深厚。而西方文化主要融合了古希腊文化和圣经的思想。两种不同文化背景在原作和译作中的准确传递和巧妙融合会是一项多么艰巨的任务,如果说语言是文化的主要载体,那么翻译是融合两种不同文化的桥梁,而译者常常感到两种文化间的不可译性。
《好了歌》中的神仙意念的翻译,便体现出了两种不同文化的意蕴。外国人崇拜神是以获得救赎(salvation)为目的的,中国人崇拜神是要长生不老(immortal),“世人都晓神仙好”的中外译者的不同英译正是对神的两种不同文化观念的体现。
带有上述对翻译的理解,我们来品味出自两种不同文化背景的《好了歌》英译。两种译本都可称是译坛的上乘之作,读者可尽享语言魅力的同时,可以感受到浓郁的文化气息。
下面请欣赏《好了歌》,如有感触或问题,欢迎共同探讨。
世人都晓神仙好,惟有功名忘不了!
古今将相在何方? 荒冢一堆草没了。
霍闵译本:
‘Men all know that salvation should be won
But with ambition won’t have done have done.
Where are the famous ones of days gone by?
In grassy graves they lie now every one.
杨戴译本:
“All men long to be immortals
Yet to riches and rank each aspires;
The great ones of old where are they now?
Their graves are a mass of briars.
世人都晓神仙好,只有金银忘不了!
终朝只恨聚无多,及到多时眼闭了。
霍闵译本:
Men all know that salvation should be won
But with their riches won't have done have done.
Each day they grumble they 've not made enough.
When they’ve enough it's goodnight everyone!
杨戴译本:
All men long to be immortals
Yet silver and gold they prize
And grub for money all their lives
Till death seals up their eyes.
世人都晓神仙好,只有娇妻忘不了!
君生日日说恩情,君死又随人去了。
霍闵译本:
Men all know that salvation should be won
But with their loving wives they won't have done.
The darlings every day protest their love:
But once you 're dead they're off with another one.
杨戴译本:
All men long to be immortals
Yet dote on the wives they've wed
Who swear to love their husband evermore
But remarry as soon as he's dead.
世人都晓神仙好,只有儿孙忘不了!
痴心父母古来多 孝顺子孙谁见了?
霍闵译本:
Men all know that salvation should be won
But with their children won't have done have done.
Yet though of parents fond there is no lack
Of grateful children saw I ne'er a one.
杨戴译本
All men long to be immortals
Yet with getting sons won’t have done.
Although fond parents are legion
Who ever saw a really filial son?