单词用自然拼读的方式读出来(单词的发音规律)
单词用自然拼读的方式读出来(单词的发音规律)在英语的双音节以上的单词中,有一个或两个读得特别响亮的音节,我们称为重读音节,国际音标上 注:一个单词音节数的多少并不是按组成单词字母的多少来划分的。双音节词:teacher brother Sunday neighbor darkness breakfast comment open 多音节词:exercise holiday separate celebrate institute opportunity modernization
英语单词的音节及读音规则
1. 音节概念在英语单词中元音特别响亮,一个发音的元音就可以构成一个音节,所以英语单词的音节是以发音的元音来确定的。只有一个发音的元音构成的单词称为单音节词,有两个发音的元音构成的单词称为双音节词,三个以上发音的元音构成的单词称为多音节词。
例:
双音节词:go he stand think please take some what glad smoke child taught
双音节词:teacher brother Sunday neighbor darkness breakfast comment open
多音节词:exercise holiday separate celebrate institute opportunity
modernization
注:一个单词音节数的多少并不是按组成单词字母的多少来划分的。
2. 单词重音在英语的双音节以上的单词中,有一个或两个读得特别响亮的音节,我们称为重读音节,国际音标上
标有“′”这样的重读符号。一般说来一个单词只有一个重音。
例:Sunday [’sʌndi] begin [bi’ɡin]
3. 开音节开音节一共有两种:
一种叫绝对开音节,即直接以发音的元音字母结尾的单词。
例:go [ɡəʊ] he [hi:] no [nəʊ] we [wi:] who [hu:]
另一种叫做相对开音节,即发音的元音字母后有一个辅音字母(r 除外)再加一个不发音的字母e。
例:make [meik] note [nəʊt] these [ði:z] like [laik] use [ju:z]
4. 闭音节发音的元音字母后面有一个或几个辅音字母(r除外)时,这个元音字母构成的音节叫闭音节。如果单词重音在这个音节上,该闭音节就叫做重读闭音节。
例:bad [bæd] thank [θæŋk] desk [desk] sit [sit] stick [stik] fog [fɒɡ] shop [ʃɒp]; sun [sʌn] must [mʌst]
5. 元音字母在开音节中的一般发音A a [ei] Ee [i:] Ii [ai] Oo [əʊ] Uu [ju:]
例:take [teik] late [leit] he [hi:] theme [θi:m] time [taim] nice [nais] no [nəʊ]; joke [jəʊk] tune [tju:n] cute [kju:t];
6. 元音字母在重读闭音节中的一般发音A a [æ] Ee [e] Ii [i] Oo [ɒ] Uu [ʌ]
例:lamp [læmp] plan [plæn] well [wel] best [best] mill [mil] wish [wiʃ] hot [hɒt]; drop [drɒp] club [clʌb] but [bʌt]
7. 各元音在开音节和闭音节的读音规则1)A a
开音节中多读 [ei] 字母本身的音。 词例:name plane cake take;
但have中却发 [æ]
重读闭音节中多读 [æ]。 词例:bad lamp tank cat map
a 的前面是辅音[w]时读作[ɒ]。 词例:want wash what quality
a 的后面是 ss st sp sk th f n 时常读作[a:]。 词例:class fast grasp ask bath staff dance command
2) E e
开音节中多读 [i:] 字母本身的音 词例:he she be these
重读闭音节中多读 [e]。词例:pen yes well desk best
3) I i (y)
开音节中多读 [ai] 字母本身的音 词例:like time bike why
但give和 live中却发 [i]
重读闭音节中多读 [i]。词例:stick ship big mill
词尾是-nd和 -ld时,i 可读作[ai] 词例:kind find child
4) O o
开音节中多读 [əʊ] 字母本身的音 词例:no home joke smoke joke
但to do who move shoe中却发 [u:]
重读闭音节中多读 [ɒ]。词例:hot fog shop long drop
词尾是-st和 -ld时,o 可读作[əʊ] 词例:most post bold cold 例外both comb
o的后面是 m n v th 时,可读作[ʌ] 词例:son some come one done love glove mother brother
5)U u
开音节中多读 [əʊ] 字母本身的音 词例:use tune cute mule
u 在辅音字母l r j后面时读作[u:] 词例:blue rule true June
重读闭音节中多读 [ʌ] 或[u]。词例:sun but club must full put
但truth busy中却发 [u:]
8. -r 音节-re音节的读音规则ar 常读作[a:] 词例:car park large star; 但war warm ward却读[ɔ:]
er常读作[з:] 词例:verb term serve stern;
ir常读作[з:] 词例:girl first shirt bird
or常读作[ɔ:] 词例:horse short north sport; 但word work world却读[з:]
ur常读作[з:] 词例:burn nurse hurt fur
are常读作[eə] 词例:care dare stare rare
ere常读作[iə]或[eə] 词例:mere here there were; 但were 却读[з:]
ore常读作[ɔ:] 词例:more wore sore store
ire常读作[aiə] 词例:fire tire hire mire
ure常读作[juə]或[uə] 词例:pure cure manure sure
9. 元音字母组合的读音规则1)a 其它字母
al 常读作[ɔ:] 词例:ball walk talk walk also
其后有f 或m 时可读[a:] 例:half calm palm
au 和augh 常读作[ɔ:] 词例:cause fault launch; taught daughter
例外:laugh [a:]
aw常读作[ɔ:] 词例:law saw claw awful
ai 和ay常读作[ei] 词例:wait main; day play
air 和are常读作[eə] 词例:hair pair chair; fare care dare stare share
2)e 其它字母
ea常读作[i:] 或[e] 词例:meat please peace clean; head dead lead bread
例外:great break读作 [ei]
ee常读作[i:] 词例:meet three steel green tree street need
ei和 ie常读作[i:] 词例:field piece ceiling receive
有时ei 和ey一样。读作[ei] 词例:eight neighbor; prey grey
例外:friend 读作[e] height读作[ai] review读作 [ju:]
ew常读作[ju:] 词例:new few dew.
ew在辅音字母l r j后面读作[u:] 词例:blew crew Jew
ear常读作[iə] 词例:hear dear tear;
有时读[eə] 词例:bear wear pear
后面有辅音字母时读作[з:] 词例:learn pearl early earth
例外:heart 读作[a:] year读作[jə]
eer常读作[iə] 词例:deer cheer beer pioneer engineer
3)o 其它字母
oa常读作[əʊ] 词例:coat boat soap float
oi和oy常读作[ɔi] 词例:oil voice point; boy joy
oul 常读作[ʊ] 词例:could would should
oo 常读作[u:] 词例:food tooth spoon school moon
例外:foot good stood 读作[ʊ] ; blood flood读作[ʌ]
oo 后面是k时读作[ʊ] 词例:book look cook brook
oor和 oar 常读作[ɔ:] 词例:door floor; board coarse
例外:poor 读作[uə]
ou 常读作[au]或 [ʌ] 词例:loud house mouth; young touch country trouble
例外:group 读作[u:] youth 读作[ju:] soul 读作[əʊ]
ough 常读作[ɔ:] 词例:bouught fought thought
例外:though 读作[əʊ] through 读作[u:]
our 常读作[ɔ:] 或 [auə] 词例:four course pour; our hour sour flour
ow 常读作[au] 或 [əʊ] 词例:now how town down; slow show grow snow
owe 或ower 常读作[auə] 词例:towel vowel; power flower
4)i 其它字母
ig或igh常读作[ai] 词例:sign design; sigh light night bright eight
ia ie或io常读作[aiə] 词例:dialogue reliable; quiet science; violet violence
5)u 其它字母
ui 常读作[ju:] 词例:suit nuisance
ui的前面有辅音字母l r j 时,读作[u:] 词例:sluice fruit juice
例外:build读作[i]
注:以上都是元音字母、-r音节和元音字母组合在重读音节中的读音规则。在非重读音节中基本上所有都弱化成短元音[ə]。
10.辅音字母在单词中的读音规则1)B e 常读作[b] 或位于词尾不发音。词例:bed book bright; comb lamb tomb climb
2)C c 常读作[k] [s] 词例:cold clean cat; nice city decide
有时读作[ʃ] 词例:social musician precious
3)D d 常读作[d] 词例:day desk add
动词加-ed 时 -ed 的读法
-ed前是清辅音时([t]除外) 读作 [t]
词例:walked [-kt] jumped [-pt] missed [-st] washed [-ʃt]
-ed前是浊辅音时([d]除外) 读作 [d]
词例:played [-eid] robbed [-bd] closed [-zd] begged [-ɡd]
-ed前是 [t] 和 [d] 时 读作 [id]
词例:wanted [-tid] needed [-did]
4) F f常读作 [f] 词例:five wife four leaf
有时读作[ʃ] 词例:social musician precious
个别情况读作[v] 词例:of [ɔv] 或 [əv]
5) G g常读作[ɡ] 词例:girl game give big ago
有时读作[dӡ] 尤其是在元音字母 e前时此时词尾的ge 读作[dӡ],词例:large page college village
6) H h常读作[h] 词例:hot house head hand
h 有时不发音。词例:hour honor exhibit rhyme
7) J j常读作[dӡ] 词例:jam joke June judge
8) K k常读作[k] 词例:cake week kite sky
9) L l常读作[l] 词例:land milk belt school
l 有时不发音。词例:walk [wɔk] calm [ka:m]
10) M m常读作[m] 词例:name meet mother come
11) Nn常读作[n] 词例:line nine nice
n 在辅音音素[k] 和[ɡ] 之前读作[ŋ]。词例:bank think uncle finger language
12) P p常读作[p] 词例:pen sleep spring picture
13)Q q该字母一般很少单独出现,它常和元音字母 u组成qu字母组合。常读作[kw] 词例:question quite queen
14)Rr常读作[r] 词例:road right read 其次是构成r音节或re 音节。
15) Ss在词首时常读作[s] 词例:sit soap sky
s 在两个元音字母间常读作[z] 词例:music season prison
s 在两个元音字母和不发音的e之间有两种读法
动词常读作[z] 词例:close lose raise
名词或形容词词常读作[s] 词例:base case close coarse
s 前或后是清辅音时常读作[s] 词例:lamps looks waits; list desk husband
s 在辅音字母t之后常读作[ts] 词例:students streets
s 在辅音字母d之后常读作[ds] 词例:beds comrades prides
注s 的读音规则较复杂,还得在具体的学习中去把握。
16) T t常读作[t] 词例:tell meet ten letter
17) V v常读作[v] 词例:voice love vote leave
18) W w常读作[w] 词例:wait sweet wall twin. 有时不发音。词例:sword answer
19) X x常读作[ks] 词例:box exercise text excellent
x后面是元音 而且又是重读音节时,常读作[ɡz] 词例:exam exist exact
20) Y y出现在单词开头时常读作[j] 词例:yes year yellow
但出现在词尾时可能发[ai] 或[i]的音,词例:satisfy beautify country。与元音字母构成组合时可能发元音 [ei] 词例:day play
21) Z z常读作[z] 词例:zoo maze doze zone
11. 辅音字母组合的读音1)ch tch 读作[tʃ]词例:child chart teach match catch watch
ch 有时读作 [k] 词例:school chemistry character stomach
2)ck 常读作[k]词例:neck black stick pocket
3)cc 常读作[k]词例:accept accident success; according accuse
4)ce 常读作[s]词例:nice accept rice piece
5)dge 常读作[dӡ]词例:bridge judge lodge
6)gu gue 常读作[ɡ]词例:guide league guess dialogue
7)ng 常读作[ŋ]词例:sing strong spring long
8)gh ph 常读作[f]词例:rough phrase cough enough
但在igh ough augh 中gh 不发音,只发元音或元音组合的音。请参见前面 (9. 元音字母组合的读音规则)
9)qu ph 常读作[kw]词例:quick quality quite question
10)sh 常读作[ʃ]词例:she fish shirt wash
11)ss 常读作[s]词例:miss lesson class assist
12)th 有两种发音。
其一读作[θ] 词例:think three bath method
其二读作[ð] 词例:this with weather feather mother
13)wh 常读作[w]词例:what white whip where
14)kn 常读作[n]词例:knife knee
15)kn 常读作[n]词例:knife knee
16)tion 有两种发音。
其一读作[ʃən] 词例:mention conversation modernization
其二读作[tʃən] 词例:question suggestion
17)sion 有两种发音。
其一读作[ʃən] 词例:mission impression
其二读作[ӡən] 词例:decision television
注:以上提供的仅仅是英语单词读音规则的一般规律,尽管英语单词的读音规则有规律可寻,但不是一劳永逸的事,同学们在掌握和熟悉一般规律的前提下还必须多读单词,并注意读准确。特殊读音得采取特殊记忆的方法。